中国氦气市场供需形势及氦气产业发展建议

China helium market supply and demand situation and industry development recommendations

氦气是国家战略性稀缺资源,广泛应用于临床医学、国防军工、航空、核工业、微电子、低温科学等高科技领域。从全球来看,氦气资源和产量分布相对集中,供需矛盾日益凸显,拉动氦气价格维持高位。全球范围内一批氦气工厂正加快建设,预计2023—2025年将呈规模化释放,可有效缓解全球氦气供需紧张态势,并将形成美国、卡塔尔、俄罗斯为主的供应格局。中国氦气资源供应短缺,产业发展基础薄弱,对外依存度过高,氦气供应保障的重要性日益凸显。建议国家层面加强顶层设计,以氦气产供储销体系建设为主线,加快构建氦气全产业链支撑体系;给予氦气资源勘查政策支持,引导企业加大氦气产业投入;支持低浓度氦气资源实现效益开采。建议国内主要油气企业大力开展氦气资源调查及战略选区评价;高效实施氦气资源开采,构建涵盖开发方案、配套工程、经济评价等综合标准体系;持续加强氦气全产业链科技创新;积极拓展氦气多元化进口渠道。

Helium is a national strategic scarce resource,widely used in clinical medicine,national defense industry,aviation,nuclear industry,microelectronics,cryogenics,and other high-tech fields.Globally,the distribution of helium resources and production is relatively concentrated,and the contradiction between supply and demand is becoming increasingly apparent,driving helium prices to high level.A number of helium plants are under construction worldwide,and are expected to operate on a large scale in 2023-2025,which will ease the tension between global helium supply and demand,and form a supply pattern dominated by the United States,Qatar,and Russia.China has a shortage of helium resources,a weak foundation for industrial development,and a high degree of dependence on foreign countries,and the importance of helium supply is becoming more obvious.It is recommended to strengthen the top-level design at the national level,accelerate the construction of helium industry chain support systems with the construction of helium production,supply,storage,and marketing systems as the main line,give policy support to helium resource exploration,guide enterprises to increase investment in the helium industry,and support lowconcentration helium resources to realize the benefits of exploitation.It is suggested that major domestic oil and gas enterprises vigorously carry out helium resource surveys and strategic site evaluation,effectively implement helium resource exploitation,build a comprehensive standard system covering development programs,auxiliary projects,and economic evaluation,continue to strengthen scientific and technological innovation in the helium industry chain and actively expand diversified helium import channels.