美国国家安全格局:形成、特征与问题

The National Security Architecture of the United States:Formation,Characteristics,and Problems

作为世界头号强国,美国构建的国家安全格局具有典型性和启示意义。从形成过程看,其先后经历了初步建构、快速发展和系统构筑三个阶段,具有突出美式民主制度安全的特殊重要地位、政策精英发挥主导作用、力量运用广布全球、重视高科技赋能、强调国内外多方参与等关键特征,集中反映了维护美国霸权地位的根本目的。但美国国家安全格局并非完美,存在建制派精英长期盘踞制约战略变革能力、过分依赖外部威胁牵引而对其他安全挑战关注不足,以及安全负担过重带来的失衡和异化等问题。中国在深入评估美国相关做法的基础上应有所扬弃,更好统筹发展和安全,加快构建新安全格局,走出一条具有中国特色的国家安全道路。

As the world's superpower,the United States(US)has a national security architecture,which is typical of its kind and can provide certain lessons for othercountries.From initial establishment to rapid development and systematic configuration,this architecture has undergone three phases and exhibited a number ofkey characteristics:attaching particular importance to the security of American-styledemocracy,allowingpolicyelites to play the leading role,wielding power globally,placing a high premium on empowering technologies,and underscoring the participation of multiple stakeholders(domestic and international).These above characteristics highlight the fundamental purpose of the Us to sustain its global hegemony.Nevertheless,the Us national security architecture is not perfect.Contrarily,various problems persist,including the long rule of establishment elites,which has constrained America's capacity in strategic reforms;an over-reliance on external threats as a spur to action,resulting in insufficient attention to other security challenges;and the imbalances and abnormalities caused by excessive securityburdens.Based onan in-depth evaluation of America's practices,China should draw lessons,both positive and negative,and ensure development and security in a better manner.By accelerating the construction of a new security architecture,China will blaze a path of national security with Chinese characteristics.