陆军军士发展性团体训练方案构建及应用

Construction and application of training scheme of group psychological training in army sergeants

目的构建陆军军士发展性团体心理训练方案,并探讨方案对陆军军士心理健康的干预效果。方法采用德尔菲法,构建陆军军士发展性团体心理训练方案。选取80名陆军军士作为研究对象,随机配对分为实验组和对照组,每组40人。实验组根据陆军军士发展性团体心理训练方案进行10次(90~120 min/次)团体心理训练,对照组进行常规心理健康教育和政治教育。训练前后一周内分别采用抑郁自评量表、广泛性焦虑量表、心理弹性量表、领悟社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷、知觉压力量表、大五人格量表和团体心理训练自评问卷进行训练效果评估。结果①陆军军士发展性团体心理训练方案包含3大单元8个主题,第1个单元为发展自我:认识自我、悦纳自我、成长自我;第2个单元为情绪与压力管理:情绪调节、压力管理;第3个单元为发展社会性:人际沟通、婚恋调节、生涯规划。②实验组训练后的PHQ、GAD得分显著降低(P<0.05),且PHQ得分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);③实验组训练后的心理弹性总分、坚韧性、力量性、乐观性显著升高(P<0.05),且显著高于对照组(P<0.05);④实验组训练后的社会支持中朋友支持维度显著升高(P<0.05),且高于对照组(P<0.05);⑤实验组训练后的积极应对评分升高(P<0.05);⑥实验组训练后的大五人格的外向性维度显著升高(P<0.05)。结论陆军军士发展性团体心理训练能有效缓解焦虑、抑郁情绪,增加积极应对方式,提升心理弹性水平、社会支持中的朋友支持维度和大五人格的外向性。

Objective To develop a training scheme of psychological training for the developmental group of army sergeants and explore the intervention efficacy of the scheme on their psychological health.Methods Delphi method was used to construct a psychological training program for the developmental group of army sergeants.Eighty army sergeants were recruited as the research subjects,and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 40 individuals in each group.The experimental group received 10 sessions(90~120 min per session)of group psychological training based on our training program,while the control group received regular psychological health education and political education.The training effects were evaluated using the Self-Rating Depression Scale,Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,Psychological Resilience Scale,Perceived Social Support Scale,Brief Coping Style Questionnaire,Perceived Stress Scale,Big Five Personality Inventory,and Self-Evaluation Questionnaire for Group Psychological Training before and in 1 week after the training.Results①Our training program consisted of 3 units and 8 themes.The first unit focused on self-development,including self-awareness,self-acceptance,and self-growth.The second unit focused on emotion and stress management,including emotion regulation and stress management.The third unit focused on social development,including interpersonal communication,relationship adjustment,and career planning.②After the training,the experimental group had significantly decreased scores of PHQ and GAD(P<0.05),and the PHQ score was obviously lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).③The total score of psychological resilience,as well as the sub-scales of toughness,strength,and optimism,significantly increased in the experimental group(P<0.05),and were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).④After the training,the dimension of friend support in social support was significantly increased in the experimental group(P<0.05)and it was notably higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).⑤The positive coping score was significantly increased in the experimental group after the training(P<0.05).⑥The extraversion dimension of the Big Five Personality Inventory was significantly increased in the experimental group after the training(P<0.05).Conclusion Our training scheme for army sergeants can effectively alleviate anxiety and depression,increase positive coping styles,enhance psychological resilience,friend support in social support,and extraversion in the Big Five Personality.