董仲舒《春秋繁露》中的孔子形象

The Image of Confucius in Dong Zhongshu’s Luxuriant Gems of The Spring and Autumn Annals

董仲舒基于政治需要而对儒学进行了改造,孔子的形象也由此而产生了较大的变化。在《春秋繁露》中,董仲舒将孔子形象定位为圣人、素王、神人。董仲舒视孔子为圣人,确定了儒家学说的独尊地位;又视孔子为“素王”,明确孔子秉承天意得授制作之权;通过建构孔子“神而先知”的形象,提出“替汉改制”“灾异谴告”等理论,将其政治学说神圣化。董仲舒通过对孔子的形象的诠释,使得孔子的形象在西汉时期转而成圣、成王乃至成神。

Dong Zhongshu reformed Confucianism based on political needs,and the image of Confucius also changed greatly.In Luxuriant Gems of The Spring and Autumn Annals,Dong Zhongshu defined the image of Confucius as a sage,a“suwang”,and a man of god.He regarded Confucius as a sage and determined the exclusive position of Confucianism.He also regarded Confucius as a“suwang”and made it clear that Confucius was granted the right to write The Spring and Autumn Annals according to the will of heaven.Besides,by constructing the image of Confucius as a“god and prophet”,he proposed the theories such as“reforming the system for the Han Dynasty”and“condemning disasters and calamities”to sanctify his political theory.His interpretation of the image of Confucius made Confucius become a sage,a king and even a god in the Western Han Dynasty.