莫贵于人:董仲舒天人之学中的人贵思想

Nothing Can Be More Precious Than Man:Dong Zhongshu’s Thought of“Man Is Precious”in His Theory of Heaven and Man

“天”在董仲舒的学问中处于至高的本体地位,具有无上的权威,“天人合一”是其学问的根本构建,但“人”才是天的目的,不能只是蔽于“天”而不知“人”。“人”在其哲学体系中显得尤为可贵,人贵能与天合一、贵有仁心、贵有志、贵能长物、贵于能保天命。仁义是贯穿“天人”的精神根基,天将仁义之精神付诸人,且要通过“人”来推行仁义之精神。理解董仲舒天人思想的要义就要抓住仁义之核心,在体会仁义之中理解人的可贵。

“Heaven”is in the highest ontological position in Dong Zhongshu’s knowledge and has the supreme authority.“The unity of heaven and man”is the fundamental construction of his knowledge,but“man”is the purpose of heaven,and we can’t just be misled by“heaven”without knowing“man”.“Man”is particularly precious in his philosophy system,for man can be united with heaven,man has benevolence and aspirations,and man can nurture all things and protect the mandate of heaven.Benevolence and righteousness are the spiritual foundation that runs through“heaven and man”.Heaven puts the spirit of benevolence and righteousness into man,and promotes it through“man”.To understand the essence of Dong Zhongshu’s thought of heaven and man,we should grasp the core of benevolence and righteousness,and realize the value of man in understanding them.