广义论证视域下的视觉论证研究

A Study on Visual Argumentation from the Perspective of Generalized Argumentation Theory

视觉论证指那些至少有一部分核心构成(立场或理由)是通过图像符号,而非自然语言表达的论证,它们广泛出现在政治宣传、商业广告、科学交流的视觉作品之中,是论证研究关注的重点。当下视觉论证研究主要面临两大理论困境,其一是,套用言语论证标准的视觉论证评价研究忽略了文化、语境对人们解读视觉作品的双重影响。基于“前提-结论”结构的分析工具不足以刻画“丰富的表现”在视觉论证中的说理机制。相对于经典视觉论证理论,广义论证的学说与方法,无论是从论证展开的描述方面,还是规则提取方面,都提供了更为完备的方法论指导。基于广义论证的“六步法”研究程序,以静态视觉论证为切入点,提供出一套切实可行的广义论证研究方案,并通过对当代中国政治外宣中数字漫画的案例研究,验证了该方案的可操作性。

Visual argumentation refers to those argument whose part or all of core components(standpoint or reason)are conveyed by images instead of verbal language.Since they are widely applied in the field of politicial pubilcity,commercial advertisements and scientific communications,visual argumentations are one of the central topics in modern argumentation studies.However,two limitations restrict the current visual argumentation studies.Firstly,the current evulation studies of visual arguments directly applied the standards in verbal argumentation,ignoring the cultural and contextual environment impacts on people's understanding of visual works.Secondly,the analying tool based on“premise-conclusion”srtucture cannot fully describe the role of“thick representation”in the argumentative mechanism of visual works.Comparied with the classical visual argumentation studies,the generalized argumentation theory can provide a complete methodology not only for the describation of their generalization,but also for the abstraction of their rules.Based of the“six-stage procedure”of the generalized argumentation theory,this paper tentatively provides a research framework for the study of static visual argumentation and verify its feasibility through a case study of CG cartoons in the field of political international publicity.