意识是非定域的吗

Is Consciousness Nonlocalized

濒死体验是一类十分独特的意识活动,学界迄今未对其做出清晰的解释,且难以形成共识。非定域意识理论尝试对包括濒死体验在内的所有意识的本质和存在方式做出解释。它的基本主张是,从濒死体验来看,唯物主义的心脑同一论存在缺陷。意识并非大脑的产物,大脑只是促发或“接收”意识;意识现象类似量子现象,意识可脱离大脑独立存在,即意识是非定域的。然而,从内在和外在两个层面的批评表明,非定域意识理论的基本主张难以成立。这不仅是因为非定域意识理论存在多个层面的内部矛盾,还因为它违背了奥卡姆剃刀原理和面临观测(证实)困境。对包括濒死体验在内的意识的研究,尽管不能完全放弃形而上学进路,但首先应坚持方法论上的自然主义。

Near-death experience(NDE)is a very unique kind of consciousness activity,but it has not been clearly explained and it is difficult to form a consensus.The theory of nonlocalized consciousness attempts to explain the nature and existence of all consciousness including near-death experience.Its basic claim is that the materialist mind-brain identity is flawed from the perspective of near-death experiences.Consciousness is not a product of the brain;the brain merely initiates or“receives”consciousness;Like quantum phenomena,consciousness can exist independently of the brain,that is,consciousness is nonlocalized.However,criticism from both internal and external levels indicates that the basic proposition of the theory of non-localized consciousness is difficult to be established.This is not only because the theory of nonlocalized consciousness has many internal contradictions,but also because it violates Occam's Razor principle and faces the observation(verification)dilemma.Although the study of consciousness including near-death experience cannot completely give up metaphysics approach,we should first adhere to methodological naturalism.