重金属与肠道微生物双向影响研究

Bidirectional interaction between heavy metals and intestinal microorganisms

重金属与肠道微生物之间存在双向关系,常见重金属Cd、Cr、As、Pb等单一暴露后通过破坏肠道微生物的多样性和相对丰度来致肠道微生态破坏引起相关疾病。但环境中重金属通常是混合暴露,表现为总体的毒性效应,研究表明其大多数重金属之间存在协同效应,因此对肠道微生物的影响较单一暴露也更加显著。而体内肠道微生物是抵抗进入体内重金属的第一道防线,肠道微生物通过改变蛋白合成、肠道pH、酶的活性等来减轻重金属引起的炎症反应、氧化反应等。同时,口服益生菌定植于肠道,通过和肠道微生物的协同作用对进入体内重金属的解毒有着显著的影响,其可以促进重金属的排除、减少氧化物和炎症介质的产生、逆转肠道微生物相对丰度的改变等从而减轻重金属对肠道微生态的破坏。因此,益生菌与传统重金属解毒剂相比较有着更佳的前景,在未来还需要更深入地研究重金属与肠道微生物之间双向关系的机制,为临床重金属解毒提供新的思路。

There is a bidirectional interactive relationship between heavy metals and intestinal microorganisms.Single exposure to common heavy metals(Cd,Cr,As,Pb,etc.)may cause intestinal microecological damage and related diseases by losing the diversity and relative abundance of intestinal microorganisms.However,heavy metals in the environment are usually mixed exposure and an overall toxic effect is presented.Published studies have suggested a synergistic effect between most heavy metals,so the impact of mixed exposure on intestinal microorganisms is expected to be more significant than that of single exposure.Intestinal microorganisms are the first line of defense against heavy metals entering the body,and can reduce inflammation and oxidation caused by heavy metals via changing protein synthesis,intestinal PH,enzyme activity,etc.At the same time,the colonization of oral probiotics in the intestinal tract has a significant detoxification effect on heavy metals entering the body through synergy with intestinal microorganisms,which can promote the elimination of heavy metals,reduce the production of oxides and inflammatory mediators,reverse the changes in the relative abundance of intestinal microorganisms,and then reduce the damage of heavy metals to intestinal microecology.Therefore,probiotics may have better prospects than traditional heavy metal antidotes.In the future,more in-depth research on the mechanism of bidirectional interactive relationship between heavy metals and intestinal microorganisms is needed to provide new ideas for clinical heavy metal detoxification.