20世纪上半叶美国社会对移民同化的省察与“熔炉”的重塑

Social Movements and Trends of Thought in the First Half of the 20th Century Reshaped the“Melting Pot Theory”

20世纪初,在关于移民和身份的话语中,赞格威尔的“熔炉”理念是应对美国不断变化的国内外条件的关键性修辞策略。该理念在提出之初,是一种体现了民主平等精神且兼具现实性与虚构性的移民同化话语。在经历了来自政治光谱不同立场的现实洗礼后,“熔炉”的运作模式被廓清和重塑,“熔炉”的准入门槛被限定。在爬梳“熔炉”理念流变的过程中,理清了其发展脉络和不同面相;也打破了《1924年移民法》象征着“熔炉”失败的刻板印象。

In the discourse about immigration and identity in the early 2Oth century,Zangwell's"melting pot"idea was a key rhetorical strategy for dealing with Americans'changing conditions at home and abroad.At the be-ginning of the idea,it is a kind of immigrant assimilation discourse that embodies the spirit of democracy and equality and has both reality and fiction.After experiencing the baptism of reality from different positions of the political spectrum,the operation mode of"melting pot"has been clarified and reshaped,and the entry threshold of"melting pot"has been limited.In the process of changing the concept of"melting pot",it has clarified its development vein and different aspects;It also dispels the stereotype that the Immigration Act of 1924 symbolizes the failure of the"melting pot".