层状双氢氧化物在环境修复中的应用与调控策略

Application and regulation strategies of layered double hydroxides in environmental remediation

环境污染问题已成为当前突出的全球性挑战,严重威胁人体健康和生态安全,迫切需要开发绿色、高效的修复材料去除环境污染物.层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)是一类天然矿物材料,具有良好的环境兼容性、低廉的成本和灵活的可调控性,而且制备方法简单,适宜于规模化生产,其在污染物的吸附固定、催化降解和相分离方面有着广阔的应用前景.本文总结了LDHs材料的结构、性质和主要的制备方法,综述了近年来LDHs材料在固定和消减环境中磷、氟、重金属、有机污染物和放射性核素等污染物的应用进展,针对LDHs应用中存在的问题,重点分析了材料的性能调控策略并对未来发展方向进行了展望.发展和推广LDHs材料可为环境修复功能材料的研发提供新的思路和方法,从而推动绿色、循环、低碳环境修复产业的持续发展.

Environmental pollution has become a prominent global challenge,which seriously threatens human health and ecological security.It is urgent to develop green and efficient remediation materials to remove environmental pollutants.Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are a class of natural mineral materials with excellent environmental compatibility,low cost and flexible modifiability.They are simple to prepare and suitable for large-scale production.LDHs have broad application prospects in the adsorption and immobilization,catalytic degradation,and phase separation of contaminants.In this paper,the structure,properties,and main preparation methods of LDHs were summarized,and the application progresses of LDHs in immobilizing and reducing contaminants such as phosphorus,fluorine,heavy metals,organic pollutants,and radioactive nuclides in the environment in recent years were reviewed.In consideration of the problems encountered in the application of LDHs,the performance regulation strategies of materials were emphatically analyzed and the future development directions were prospected.The development and promotion of LDHs could provide new ideas and methods for the research and development of environmental remediation functional materials,thus promoting the sustainable development of the green,circular,and low-carbon environmental remediation industries.