钼提高植物抗逆性研究进展

Progress on improving plant stress resistance with molybdenum

钼(Mo)作为植物必需的微量元素,在促进植物生长发育和增强植物抗逆性方面发挥着关键作用。植物对钼的吸收转运主要受到钼酸盐转运蛋白基因MOT1和MOT2调控,钼进入植物体内以含钼酶形式参与植物生长代谢,其中对植物抗逆性方面的调控主要表现为:钼通过含钼酶硝酸还原酶、醛氧化酶、黄嘌呤脱氢酶影响植物体内的光合碳氮代谢、激素合成和活性氧代谢进而调控植物抗寒性;钼通过硝酸还原酶和醛氧化酶介导的信号转导过程调控根系发育、养分水分利用及抗旱基因表达,进一步影响脂质合成与代谢调控植物抗旱性;最新研究还发现钼在植物适应盐胁迫、缓解重金属胁迫方面也具有重要作用。这些研究结果为通过钼营养调控提升植物的抗逆性提供了新思路。

Molybdenum(Mo),as an essential trace element in plants,plays a crucial role in promoting the growth and development of plant and enhancing plant stress resistance.The absorption and transportation of molybdenum in plants are mainly regulated by the molybdate transporter genes MOT1 and MOT2.Molybdenum enters the plant and participates in the growth and metabolism of plant in the form of molybdenum containing enzymes.The regulation of plant stress resistance is mainly manifested as follows:molybdenum affects the photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen metabolism,hormone synthesis,and reactive oxygen species metabolism in the plant through molybdenum containing enzymes including nitrate reductase,aldehyde oxidase,and xanthine dehydrogenase,thereby regulating plant cold resistance.Molybdenum regulates root development,nutrient and water use,and drought resistance gene expression through signal transduction processes mediated by nitrate reductase and aldehyde oxidase,further affecting lipid synthesis and metabolism to regulate plant drought resistance.The recent studies have found that molybdenum plays an important role in plant adaptation to salt stress and alleviating heavy metal stress as well.It will provide new insights into improving plant stress resistance via regulating molybdenum nutrition.