雷达型对空导弹对超低空目标攻击的制导方法研究

Research on the Guidance Method of Radar-Type Anti-Aircraft Missile against Ultra-Low-Altitude Target

针对雷达型对空导弹在拦截超低空目标时,雷达导引头俯视探测目标,受多径效应影响严重,会降低跟踪精度的问题,将雷达擦地角控制在布儒斯特角附近,以减少海杂波干扰,使海杂波强度最小,提高制导精度。本文通过构造海杂波模型,利用分段设计的弹道设计方法,对弹道中五个关键制导段进行制导方法研究与分析,综合设计出一种雷达型对空导弹拦截超低空目标的特种弹道方案,并进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,研究设计的弹道性能良好,可以有效降低海杂波干扰,满足高截获、高制导精度和高摧敌的总体要求。相比常规弹道,最佳布角弹道下脱靶量均值最多减小了近50%,命中概率最多提高了近20%,制导精度得到大幅度提升。

In view of the problem that radar-type anti-aircraft missiles are affected by the multipath effect when intercepting ultra-low-altitude targets,the radar seeker looks down to detect the target,which seriously reduces the tracking accuracy,and the method of controlling the radar grazing angle near the Brewster’s angle can reduce the interference of sea clutter,minimize the intensity of sea clutter,and improve the guidance accuracy.In this paper,by constructing the sea clutter model,using the ballistic design method of segmented design,the guidance method of five key guidance sections in the trajectory is studied and analyzed,a special ballistic scheme for radar-type anti-aircraft missiles to intercept ultra-low-altitude targets is comprehensively designed,and simulation is verified.The simulation results show that the ballistic performance is good,which can effectively reduce the interference of sea clutter,meet the overall requirements of high interception,high guidance accuracy and high enemy destruction.Compared with conventional trajectory,the average miss distance under the optimal angle trajectory is reduced by up to 50%,and the hit probability is increased by up to 20%,resulting in a significant improvment in guidance accuracy.