2Driver, R., Newton, P., & Osborne, J.Establishing the norms of scientific argumentation in classrooms [J]. Science Education, 2000:84(3), 287-312.
3Driver, R., Leach, J., Millar, R., & Scott. P. Young people' s images of science [ M ]. Philadephia: Open University Press, 1996.
4National Research Council. National science education standards [Z]. Washington: National Academy Press. 1996:113.
5Billig, M. Arguing and thinking: A rhetorical approach to social psychology [ M ]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
6Willard, C. A. A theory of argumentation[M]. The University of AlabamaPress, Tuscalcosa, 1989.
7Van Eemeren, F. H., Grootendorst, R., & Snoeck Henkemans, F. S. Fundamentals of argumentation theory[M]. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 1996.
8Voss, J. F., & Means, M. L. Learning to reason via instruction in argumentation [ J ]. Learning and Instruction, 1991a: 1, 337 - 350.
9Emeren, F. H. V. A world of difference: The rich state of argumentation theory[J ]. Informal Logic, 1995 : 17(2), 144 - 158.
10Niaz, M., Aguilera, D., Maza, A., & Liendo, G. Arguments, Contradictions, Resistances, and Conceptual Change in Students' Understanding of Atomic Structure [ J ]. Science Education, 2002 : 86(4), 505 - 525.
