国外百万级人口城市快速轨道交通系统分析与启示

Analysis and Insights into Rapid Rail Transit Systems in Foreign Cities with Million-level Population

目的:用实证分析探讨当前国内城市轨道交通建设申报政策中“城区人口必须达到150万人才能申报轻轨建设规划”的合理性,以便从中得到启示。方法:对国外运营地铁和轻轨的百万级人口城市进行了轨道交通供给统计,并在线网层面对轨道交通线网规模、辐射范围、线网形态结构、站间距、旅行速度等进行了详细的统计分析;同时,采用车辆宽度分级策略,将各个城市不同标准下的车辆宽度和编组形式按照国内的城市轨道交通分类标准作对应比较,进行线路运输能力的估算,明确其对应的国内轨道交通制式;针对轨道交通建设需求中最关注的客流效果,利用2018年或2019年的我国各城市线网总客运量数据和各城市轨道交通车站1.5 km半径圈内的常住人口密度进行了统计和分析。结果及结论:国外百万级人口城市中,已有相当数量城市运营地铁和轻轨系统,其轨道交通供给具有辐射圈半径<10 km,平均站间距较短等特征;其轨道交通客流效果比较理想,有沿线人口密度越高,则客流强度越高的总体趋势。

Objective:Empirical analysis is adopted to explore the rationality of the current Chinese policy in urban rail transit construction application,which stipulates that′urban rail transit construction planning can only be applied for when urban population reaches 1.5 million′,aiming for gaining insights.Method:Statistics on rail transit supply in foreign cities with million-level population that operate both metro and light rail systems is counted,and detailed statistical analysis on various aspects of rail transit line network including scale,radial coverage,structural morphology,station spacing,travel speed is performed.At the same time,adopting a vehicle width grading strategy,comparison of vehicle width and marshalling form under different standards of each city is made according to Chinese urban rail transit classification standards.The transportation capacity of the line is estimated to identify the corresponding Chinese rail transit system.Focusing on the most critical aspect of rail transit construction needs,passenger flow effects are statistically counted and analyzed using 2018 or 2019 total passenger volume data for rail transit line networks in various Chinese cities and the residential population density within a 1.5km radius of the urban rail transit station.Result&Conclusion:In foreign cities with million-level population,a considerable number of cities are operating metro and light rail systems,with their rail transit system supply characterized by features such as a radiation radius of less than 10 km and relatively short average station spacing.The rail transit passenger flow effect in these cities is relatively ideal,showing a general trend of higher passenger flow intensity in areas with higher population density along the lines.