对市域(郊)铁路政府购买服务模式改进的研究

Research on Improving Government Purchasing Service Mode for City(Suburban)Railways

目的:政府购买服务模式中存在的效率低下问题是制约市域(郊)铁路发展的主要原因之一。因此,需对政府购买市域(郊)铁路运输服务的现状及问题进行深入分析,并提出改进思路。方法:阐述了我国市域(郊)铁路主要发展模式和利用既有铁路发展市域(郊)铁路的优势;提出了采用政府购买服务的理论与政策依据、主要模式及存在问题。结果及结论:政府已出台相关政策文件鼓励通过政府购买服务来支持市域(郊)铁路运营,同时总结出了直接授予与补贴、直接授予与激励性规制和特许经营权竞标等多种模式。但在我国利用既有线路发展市域(郊)铁路的过程中,国家铁路和地方铁路公司在与政府沟通协调过程中拥有较强话语权和主动地位,使得政府购买服务难以发挥出应有的效率和作用。因此,需从改进政府购买服务模式、构建运输服务领域有效竞争市场、精简机构优化管理模式、提高效率等方面提出政策措施建议,并总结相应的体制机制保障措施,以加快推动市域(郊)铁路领域政府购买运输服务模式的改进。

Objective:One of the main constraints inhibiting the development of city(suburban)railways is the inefficiency found within the government purchasing service mode.Therefore,it is essential to conduct an in-depth analysis of the current status and problems of the government purchasing service for city(suburban)railway transportation and propose improvement strategies.Method:The main development modes for city(suburban)railways in China and the advantages of utilizing existing railways for the development of city(suburban)railways are elaborated.Theoretical and policy basis,key modes and existing issues of the government purchasing service are presented.Result&Conclusion:Related policy documents are issued by government to encourage the support of city(suburban)railway operations through government purchasing service.Various modes,such as direct grants with subsides,direct grants with incentive regulation,and competitive bidding for franchise rights are summarized.However,in the process of developing city(suburban)railways utilizing existing lines in China,national and local railway companies pose strong voice and dominant position in communication and coordination with the government.This situation hinders the government purchasing service from fully realizing the efficiency and effectiveness.Therefore,policy recommendations are proposed,focusing on improving the government purchasing service mode,establishing effective competition markets in the transportation service sector,streamlining institutions,optimizing management modes,and enhancing efficiency.Corresponding institutional mechanisms and safeguards are also summarized to accelerate the improvement of government purchasing service modes in the field of city(suburban)railways.