地铁列车空调机组润滑油品质检测与试验研究

Research on Quality Inspection and Experimental Study of Lubricating Oil for Metro Train Air-conditioning Units

目的:随着地铁列车空调机组内润滑油的长期使用或其他外在因素的影响,润滑油会逐渐劣化而失效,并对制冷系统造成不利影响。因此,研究润滑油在不同条件下的劣化规律、劣化后性能及其对制冷系统的影响有着重要意义。方法:实测了经长期运行的地铁列车空调机组的性能;介绍了反映润滑油品质的重要理化指标及各指标的检测方法;对空调机组内润滑油进行取样检测;基于检测结果,分析了经长期使用的润滑油品质状况;对某常用POE(多元醇酯)油A和矿物油B开展了高温氧化试验,分析两种润滑油在高温和有氧环境下的劣化情况及其对空调机组内金属材料的腐蚀情况。结果及结论:运行十年左右的地铁列车空调机组润滑油品质会出现一定程度下降,这种品质变化会使得润滑油的润滑性和密封性变差,导致制冷空调机组性能的下降;润滑油的色度并不完全反映油本身的劣化程度;润滑油在高温条件下会快速氧化变质,造成黏度和酸值的升高,并快速腐蚀铜和铁等金属;通过检测润滑油的黏度、酸值、元素质量分数,可对运行异常机组进行原因分析,对运行正常机组进行隐患排查,在机组出现重大问题前预先发现异常,从而规避损失。

Objective:With the long-term use of lubricating oil in metro train air-conditioning units or the impact of other external factors,lubricating oil will gradually deteriorate and lose the effectiveness,adversely affecting the refrigeration system.Therefore,studying the deterioration law,post-deterioration performance,and their impact on the refrigerant system under different conditions is of significant importance.Method:The performance of metro air-conditioning units after long-term operation is field-measured.Important physicochemical indicators reflecting lubricating oil quality and the detection methods for each indicator are introduced.Samples of lubricating oil are taken from the air-conditioning unit and tested.Based on the test results,the quality condition of lubricating oil after long-term use is analyzed.High-temperature oxidation tests are carried out on a commonly-used POE(polyolester)oil A and a mineral oil B.The deterioration of the two lubricating oils under high-temperature and aerobic conditions,as well as their corrosion effects on the metal materials inside the air-conditioning units.Result&Conclusion:After approximately ten years of operation,the quality of lubricating oil in metro train air-conditioning units tends to decline to some extent.This change in quality deteriorates the lubricating and sealing properties of the oil,leading to a decrease in the performance of the refrigeration air-conditioning units.The color of the lubricating oil does not entirely reflect the degree of oil deterioration.Under high-temperature conditions,lubricating oil undergoes rapid oxidation,leading to an increase in viscosity and acidity,and a rapid corrosion of metals such as copper and iron.By testing the viscosity,acid value,and elemental mass fraction of lubricating oil,abnormal operation of units can be analyzed,potential risks in normal operation units can be identified,and anomalies can be detected in advance before major problems occur,thus avoiding losses.