深圳城市轨道交通线网规划实施效果评估

Evaluation of Shenzhen Urban Rail Transit Line Network Planning Implementation Effect

目的:城市轨道交通是带动城市发展和提升综合交通水平的重要抓手,但其建设和运营投资对财政也是巨大考验。目前,我国城市轨道交通整体上客流强度偏低,需对线网规划实施效果进行评估。方法:以深圳市2007年版城市轨道交通线网规划的目标与实施情况为例,从空间协同、综合交通和运营可持续发展3个维度构建了城市轨道交通实施效果综合评估指标体系;并基于城市轨道交通客流数据、用地与建筑以及产业布局数据,多维度多视角地对既有运营网络进行了综合评估。结果及结论:城市轨道交通设施存在不同程度的加站和延长现象,这进一步降低了运营速度,对外围中心区的带动作用不明显;城市轨道交通对人口疏解作用明显,但加剧了职住分离、加强了中心放射走廊,分流了常规道路公交客流,公交分担率提升有限;城市轨道交通与用地在开发强度和时序方面匹配度不够,普速线路过长,末端客流有限,影响轨道整体运营效益。为此,从网络结构、建设时序、产业功能、TOD(公交引导发展)等方面提出城市轨道交通与空间结构和用地功能相协调、客流可持续的规划建议。

Objective:Urban rail transit serves as a critical catalyst for city development and enhances overall transportation levels.However,the construction and operation investments pose significant challenges to public finances.Currently,passenger flow intensity of urban rail transit in China is generally low,necessitating an evaluation of network planning implementation effects.Method:Taking the 2007 version of Shenzhen urban rail transit line network planning as example,a comprehensive evaluation index system for the rail transit implementation effect is established from three dimensions:spatial coordination,comprehensive transportation,and sustainable development of operations.Based on urban rail transit passenger flow data,land-use and building information,as well as industrial layout data,a multi-dimensional and multi-perspective assessment of the existing operational network is carried out.Result&Conclusion:Urban rail transit facilities exhibit varying degrees of station additions and extensions,leading to further reduction in operating speed and an unclear driving force in peripheral central areas.While urban rail transit plays a noticeable role in population dispersal,it exacerbates job-residence separation,strengthens central radiating corridors,diverts bus passenger flow on regular roads,and achieves limited improvement in bus share.Urban rail transit and land-use exhibit insufficient compatibility in terms of development intensity and sequence.Lengthy normal-speed routes with limited terminal passenger flows impact the overall operating efficiency of the rail transit.To address these issues,planning recommendations are proposed from the perspectives of network structure,construction sequence,industrial functions,and TOD(transit-oriented development)to enhance coordination of urban rail transit with spatial structures and land-use functions,ensuring sustainable passenger flow.