北京市房山区突发地质灾害发生规律、成因分析及防治对策

Occurrence patterns,causes,and prevention of sudden geological disasters in Fangshan District,Beijing

北京是世界上受突发地质灾害威胁最大、破坏后果最严重的首都之一。房山区位于北京西部山区,地质灾害多发、易发,是北京受地质灾害威胁人数最多的地区。文章收集整理了房山区2013—2022年已发生的106起突发地质灾害资料,总结了已发生地质灾害时间、空间上的分布规律,探讨分析了地形地貌、地层岩性和岩土体结构、降雨及人类工程活动等内因、外因与地质灾害发生的相互关系,确定了降雨是地质灾害发生的主要激发因素;结合地质灾害发育特征及成因,建议在原有防治工作的基础上,从早期识别、重点区精细调查及风险评价、群测群防、趋势预测、科普宣传等方面继续加强防治,以减轻地质灾害的危害。

Beijing is one of the capital cities in the world that are most threatened by sudden geological disasters with serious consequences of destruction.Fangshan District is located in the western mountainous area of Beijing,which is prone to geological disasters and a great number of people there are frequently threatened by this natural disaster.By collecting and analyzing the data of 106 sudden geological disasters that occurred in Fangshan District from 2013 to 2022,this paper summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of the geological disasters,explores and analyzes the interrelationships between internal and external factors such as topography,stratigraphic lithology,rock and soil structure,rainfall,and human engineering activities.It is determined that rainfall is the main triggering factor.Recommendations are then made to continue strengthening prevention and control measures such as early identification,trend prediction,investigation and risk assessment of key areas,and popular science promotion in order to reduce and mitigate the harm of geological disasters.