2014-2022年生育政策调整前后扬州市出生人口数量及孕产妇年龄变化分析

Analysis on changes of newly-born population and maternal age in Yangzhou city before and after the birth policy adjustment from 2014 to 2022

目的探讨2014-2022年我国生育政策调整前后,江苏省扬州市出生人口数量及孕产妇年龄的变化情况。方法收集2014-2022年江苏省扬州市孕产妇保健和健康情况年报表及围产儿情况调查表中的分娩活产数、二孩及以上活产数、产妇总数数据。根据我国生育政策调整的年份,将2014-2015年作为“单独二孩”阶段,2016-2020年作为“全面二孩”阶段,2021年及以后作为“可以三孩”阶段。分析2014-2022年出生人口数量变化情况,比较生育政策调整前后三个阶段中二孩及以上活产数变化情况、孕产妇年龄变化情况。结果2014-2022年江苏省扬州市出生人口总体呈下降趋势,2022年较2014年活产数下降56.11%;我国生育政策调整后扬州市“可以三孩”阶段一孩的占比较“单独二孩”阶段下降,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3406.622,P<0.05);适龄中的大龄(30~35岁)孕产妇占比上升,2022年较2014年上升了16.62个百分点;高龄孕产妇占比在“可以三孩”阶段较“单独二孩”阶段上升,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=239.459,P<0.05)。结论我国生育政策逐步放开后,扬州市二孩及以上出生占比有所增加,但出生人口总体处于下降趋势,而高龄产妇的增加也提示扬州市适龄女性的生育意愿不高。

Objective To explore the changes of birth population and maternal age before and after the birth policy adjustment in Yangzhou city,Jiangsu province from 2014 to 2022.Methods Data on the number of live births,the number of live births with 2 or more children and the total number of women in childbirth were collected from the annual report on maternal health and health status and the perinatal situation questionnaire in Yangzhou city,Jiangsu province from 2014 to 2022.According to the year of the adjustment of China's birth policy,2014-2015 was regarded as the selective two-child stage,2016 to 2020 was regarded as the universal two-child policy stage,and 2021 and beyond was regarded as the three-child stage.The changes in the number of births from 2014 to 2022 were analyzed,and the changes in the number of second children or more and the age of pregnant women in the three stages before and after the adjustment of the birth policy were compared.Results The population born in Yangzhou city showed a decreasing trend.Compared with 2014,the number of live births decreased by 56.11% in 2022.After the adjustment of China's birth policy,the proportion of one child in the three-child stage decreased significantly compared with the selective two-child stage,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=3406.622,P<0.05).The proportion of older pregnant women(30-35 years old)in the age group has increased significantly,with an increase of 16.62 percentage points in 2022 compared with 2014.The proportion of elderly pregnant women in the three-child stage was significantly higher than that in the selective two-child stage(χ^(2)=239.459,P<0.05).Conclusion After the gradual relaxation of China's fertility policy,Even though the state has adopted a series of birth liberalization policies,the proportion of two-child births in Yangzhou city has increased,but the overall birth population is in a downward trend,and the increase of elderly women also indicates that the reproductive intention of working-age women in Yangzhou city is not high.