2016—2020年安阳市学生肺结核疫情趋势及特征

Epidemiological trends and characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Anyang,2016—2020

目的 了解安阳市学生肺结核疫情,为学校结核病防控工作提供参考。方法 收集中国《结核病信息管理系统》中2016—2020年信息资料,对安阳市学生肺结核病疫情进行统计学分析。结果 2016—2020年安阳市学生肺结核报告发病率波动在21.02/10万和11.29/10万之间,呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=42.34,P<0.001),年递降率9.72%,低于全人群的年递降率(11.4%);学生肺结核报告发病数占全人群的百分比(学生肺结核占比)在7.56%~10.29%之间,无明显趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=0.00,P>0.05);每年均高于全省学生肺结核占比(4.23%~7.02%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按职业分类,安阳市学生肺结核占比每年均居第2位,而河南省则均居第3位。安阳市学生肺结核报告发病患者中,男生占58.88%,女生占41.12%;15~19岁居多(68.72%),其次为20~24岁(18.68%);高中最多(43.24%),其次为大学(35.97%)。除2019年外,安阳市学生肺结核报告发病数每年第二季度均呈明显高峰,第二季度报告占33.30%,高于全人群肺结核报告发病第二季度占比(29.96%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.13,P<0.001)。2016—2020年安阳市结核病定点机构登记的学生肺结核患者占报告发病患者的80.31%,低于全省平均水平(91.16%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=138.80,P<0.001)。结论 2016—2020年安阳市学生肺结核疫情呈下降趋势,15~19岁、高中阶段、第二季度为高发。约20%学生肺结核患者未在结核病定点机构登记,应加强对综合医疗机构报告学生肺结核患者的追踪管理,落实学校结核病疫情防控措施。

Objective To understand the epidemiological status of pulmonary tuberculosis in students in Anyang,offering insights into the control and prevention of tuberculosis in schools.Methods Data of tuberculosis from 2016 to 2020 were collected from China's Tuberculosis Information Management System,in which the part of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Anyang was analyzed statistically.Results The reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the students in Anyang fluctuated between 21.02/100000 and 11.29/100000 during the five years,showing a downward trend(χ^(2)=42.34,P<0.001).And the mean annual decline rate was 9.72%,which was lower than that(11.4%)of the whole population in the same period.The percentage of reported students with pulmonary tuberculosis in the whole population ranged from 7.56% to 10.29%,with no obvious trend of variation(χ^(2)=0.00,P>0.05).But the percentage in Anyang was higher than that in students in Henan Province(4.23%-7.02%)every year,with statistical differences(P<0.05).Occupation-specific analysis revealed that the proportion of students with pulmonary tuberculosis ranked the second in Anyang in each of the five years,while that ranked the third in Henan.Among the reported students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Anyang,males and females accounted for 58.88%and 41.12%,respectively.The majority(68.72%)were 15-19 years old,followed by 20-24 years old(18.68%).Senior high school students accounted for the most(43.24%),followed by college students(35.97%).Except for 2019,the number of reported students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Anyang showed a significant peak in the second quarter of each year,accounted for 33.30%of the total reported cases in the year,which was higher than that of the whole population(29.96%),with a statistical difference(χ^(2)=20.13,P<0.001).From 2016 to 2020,the students with pulmonary tuberculosis reported by the designated tuberculosis treatment institutions accounted for 80.31%of the total reported cases in Anyang on average,which was lower than the provincial average level(91.16%),with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=138.80,P<0.001).Conclusion From 2016 to 2020,the prevalence of tuberculosis among students in Anyang showed a downward trend,with high incidence in 15-19 age group,senior high school stage and the second quarter.About 20% of the students with pulmonary tuberculosis were not registered in the designated tuberculosis treatment institutions.So it is necessary to strengthen the tracking management of students with pulmonary tuberculosis reported by comprehensive medical institutions,and appropriately implement measures related to tuberculosis control and prevention in schools.