2018—2021年哈尔滨市儿童青少年近视调查分析

Myopia prevalence among children and adolescents from 2018 to 2021:An analysis using monitoring data from Harbin

目的对哈尔滨市2018—2021年儿童青少年近视监测结果进行分析,探讨存在的问题及对策,有效预防和控制学生近视的发生。方法于2018—2021年连续4年采用整群随机抽样的方法,每年对哈尔滨市2个试点区、县12所学校、幼儿园5000余名儿童青少年进行问卷调查和视力验光检查,并对监测结果进行统计学分析与评估。结果共监测儿童青少年19894人次,总体近视率为56.90%;其中:2020年总体近视率最高,为57.94%;2019年总体近视率最低,为55.90%,各年度近视率监测差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.56,P>0.05);城区近视率2020年最高,为64.84%,2021年最低,为59.60%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.456,P<0.01);郊县近视率2021年最高为52.71%,2018年最低为50.39%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.764,P>0.05);男性近视率2020年最高,为53.90%,2019年最低,为52.80%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.666,P>0.05);女性近视率2020年最高,为62.40%,2021年最低,为59.23%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.874,P<0.05)。结论哈尔滨市儿童青少年近视率仍然处于较高水平,要树立近视可以预防的意识,实施综合干预,从而促进儿童青少年的视力健康。

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of myopia in children and adolescents in Harbin from 2018 to 2021,assess the myopia prevalence,then put forward countermeasures,so as to effectively control and prevent the incidence of myopia in students.Methods A questionnaire survey and an ophthalmic examination were conducted in about 5000 children and adolescents selected using cluster random sampling from 12 schools(including primary and secondary schools and kindergartens)in two pilot regions(including one district and one county)of Harbin for four consecutive years(2018-2021).The monitoring results were statistically analyzed and evaluated.Results The myopia status was examined 19894 times in the participants in total,and the overall myopia prevalence was 56.90%.Specifically,the myopia prevalence was highest in the year 2020(57.94%)and lowest in the year 2019(55.90%).But the myopia prevalence did not differ significantly across the four years(χ^(2)=5.56,P>0.05).Further analysis found that the myopia prevalence was highest in 2020(64.84%)and lowest in 2021(59.60%)in the urban district,showing a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=19.456,P<0.01).While in the suburban county,the myopia prevalence was highest in 2021(52.71%)and lowest in 2018(50.39%),showing no statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=2.764,P>0.05).In boys,the myopia prevalence was highest in 2020(53.90%)and lowest in 2019(52.80%),showing no statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=0.666,P>0.05).While in girls,the myopia prevalence was highest in 2020(62.40%)and lowest in 2021(59.23%),showing a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=7.874,P<0.05).Conclusion The myopia prevalence among children and adolescents in Harbin is still at a high level.To promote the vision health of children and adolescents,the awareness of“myopia is preventable”should be cultured in them,and comprehensive interventions can be delivered to them appropriately.