利用犬嗅探挥发性有机物普筛癌症患者的研究进展

Advances in the use of canine sniffing for universal screening of cancer patients for volatile organic compounds

癌症已经成为全球发病率和死亡率最高的疾病形式,提早发现对癌症的诊疗有着关键的意义和价值。近年来国内外研究结果表明,通过多种设备分析,癌症患者呼出的气体、排出的汗水、吐出的唾液、排出尿液和粪便等都具有挥发性有机物(VOCs),这些VOCs富含犬嗅觉探测的标志性气味特征。本研究对犬的嗅觉识别能力与癌症患者VOCs之间的关联展开综述,利用中国知网和PubMed中英文数据库,以“犬”“嗅探”“癌症”“挥发性有机物”作为关键词,检索2010-01-01-2022-08-31相关文献。纳入标准:癌症患者VOCs特征;犬对癌症患者VOCs的嗅觉识别能力;研究中包含了数据对比的结果。剔除标准:(1)年份较远的综述类文献;(2)主题模糊、缺乏可靠依据的文章。最终纳入分析文献51篇。结果表明,利用犬嗅探VOCs普筛癌症患者是一项费用投入低、无创非侵入、结果呈现快和可重复应用的有较大发展潜力的癌症检测技术之一。提示,犬嗅探训练中癌症患者VOCs的阳性样本的采集特别重要,决定了犬嗅探的准确性;利用犬在医院和社区开放环境进行普筛,能有效提高癌症患者的早期发现率。

Cancer has become a form of disease with the highest morbidity and mortality rates globally,and early detection is of key significance for cancer diagnosis and treatment.The recent results of domestic and international studies have shown that the exhaled gas,transpired sweat,spat saliva,excreted urine and feces of patients with cancer have volatile organic compounds(VOCs)that are rich in the signature odor characteristics detected by canine olfaction,as analyzed by various devices.In this study,we retrieved the literature from the Chinese and English databases,including China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed from January 1,2020to August 31,2022,and reviewed the association between canine olfactory discrimination and VOCs in patients with cancer,with the terms of"dog","sniffing","cancer",and"VOCs".Inclusion criteria were as follows:(1)VOC characteristics of cancer patients;canine olfactory recognition of VOCs in patients with cancer;results of data comparison included in the study.Exclusion criteria were as follows:(1)review literature of distant years;(2)articles with ambiguous topics and lack of reliable basis.Fifty-one articles were finally included in the analyzed literature.The results showed that the use of canine sniffing of VOCs for general screening of cancer patients was one of the cancer detection techniques with greater potential due to its low-cost investment,non-invasiveness,rapid outcome presentation and repeatable application.It is suggested that the collection of positive samples of VOCs from cancer patients in canine sniffing training is particularly important and determines the accuracy of canine sniffing;the use of dogs for genral screening in hospitals and communal open environment can effectively improve the early detection rate of patients with cancer.