日照市不同免疫策略时期流行性腮腺炎流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of mumps in different immunization strategies in Rizhao City

目的了解日照市不同免疫策略时期流行性腮腺炎(流腮)的流行病学特征并提出控制建议。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集日照市2010-2022年流腮疫情相关资料,运用描述流行病学方法对流行强度、时间分布、人群分布、地区分布等进行描述分析。率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2010-2022年日照市共报告流腮病例2284例,年均发病率6.08/10万,3~4年1个流行周期,病例主要分布在4~7月及11~次年1月,呈典型的双峰分布。1剂次免疫策略时期年均发病率为8.66/10万,2剂次免疫策略时期年均发病率为3.86/10万,1剂次免疫策略时期年均发病率高于2剂次免疫策略时期,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=375.64,P<0.001。1剂次免疫策略时期男女发病比高于2剂次免疫策略时期,差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=9.72,P=0.002。1剂次免疫策略时期发病年龄主要集中在5~9岁组、10~14岁组、15~19岁组,分别占41.18%、29.99%、9.37%。2剂次免疫策略时期发病年龄主要集中在5~9岁组、0~4岁组、10~14岁组,分别占38.26%、29.99%、14.33%。1剂次免疫策略时期和2剂次免疫策略时期东部沿海地区发病率均高于西部内陆地区。不同免疫策略时期疫苗接种率均呈上升趋势。结论日照市2剂次流腮疫苗预防接种为主的控制措施成效显著。加强落实重点地区、重点人群的疫苗接种为主的综合防治策略。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps(mumps)in different immunization strategies in Rizhao City and to propose control recommendations.Methods We collected reports of mumps cases during 2010-2022from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe and analyze the epidemic intensity,time distribution,population distribution and regional distribution.The 2test was used to compare the rates.Results A total of 2284cases of mumps were reported in Rizhao from 2010to 2022,with an average incidence of 608/100000.The epidemic period was 3to 4years.The cases were mainly distributed from April to July and from November to January,showing a typical bimodal distribution.The average annual incidence was 8.66/100000in the one-dose immunization strategy period and 3.86/100000in the two-dose immunization strategy period.The average annual incidence in the one-dose immunization strategy period was higher than that in the two-dose immunization strategy period,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=375.64,P<0.001).The proportion of male and female morbidity in the one-dose immunization strategy period was higher than that in the two-dose immunization strategy period,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=9.72,P=0.002).The age of onset during the one-dose immunization strategy period was mainly concentrated in 5-9years old,10-14years old and 15-19years old,accounting for 41.18%,29.99%and 9.37%,respectively.The age of onset during the two-dose immunization strategy period was mainly concentrated in the 5-9years old group,0-4years old group and 10-14years old group,accounting for 38.26%,29.99%and 14.33%,respectively.The incidence in the eastern coastal areas was higher than that in the western inland areas during the one-dose and two-dose immunization strategy periods.The vaccination rate in different immunization strategies showed an increasing trend.Conclusions In Rizhao city,the control measures of two doses of mumps vaccine were effective.We should strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control strategy based on vaccination in key areas and key populations.