基于专利计量的谷物收割机技术竞争态势分析

Analysis on the technical competition situation of grain harvester based on patent measurement

针对中国谷物收割机技术难以充分满足购买农机的新型农业经营主体使用需求,农产品国际竞争力受限的现状,采用专利计量的方法,兼顾“质”和“量”2个分析视角,综合技术竞争热点分析、创新主体分析和竞争格局分析3个维度,对不同国家及其微观创新主体在谷物收割机领域的竞争态势进行研究。结果表明:1)谷物收割机技术处于成熟期,技术竞争热点在发展过程中有所偏移;2)相较于其他国家以企业为中心的集中式创新格局,中国更倾向于依赖高校、科研机构且专利申请力量较为分散,主要专利申请力量在产出质量上也有所欠缺;3)作为其他专利申请国的重点布局区域,中国对外布局专利数极少;4)不同国家的微观创新主体在技术重点布局上呈现出集中趋势,并且存在广泛的技术联系。总体上,为发展谷物收割机技术,中国应关注技术竞争热点偏移方向、加快企业为中心的创新格局构建,并采取手段保证技术产出质量、提升自身技术影响力。

In response to the current situation where China's grain harvester technology is unable to fully to meet the needs of new agricultural operators and the international competitiveness of agricultural products is limited,patent measurement method is adopted in this study.Two analytical perspectives,quality and quantity,are taken into account,and three dimensions of technology competition hotspots analysis are integrated with innovation subject analysis and competition pattern analysis.Research on the competitive situation of different countries and their micro innovation entities in the field of grain harvesters are conducted.The results indicate that:1)The technology of grain harvesters is in a mature stage,and the competition hotspots of technology research and development has shifted in the development process;2)Compared to the centralized innovation pattern centered around enterprises in other countries,China tends to rely more on universities and research institutions,and its patent application force is relatively scattered.At the same time,China's main patent application force lacks output quality;3)As a key layout area for other patent application countries,China has very few external layout patents;4)The micro innovation entities in different countries show a central tendency in the layout of technology priorities,and there are extensive technological links.Overall,in order to develop grain harvester technology,China should pay attention to the shift of competition hotspots,accelerate the construction of an innovative pattern centered on enterprises,and take measures to ensure the quality of technological output and enhance its own technological influence.