附子多糖的结构、构效关系与生物活性研究进展

Research progress on structure,structure-activity relationship,and biological activity of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata polysaccharides

附子多糖(Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata polysaccharides,AP)是从附子药材及其各种炮制品中提取得到的一类生物活性大分子。自1986年首次分离得到附子多糖以来,陆续发现其免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗抑郁、脏器保护、降血糖和抗炎等药理作用。近年来,随着多糖提取分离与结构鉴定技术的发展,已从附子及其炮制品中分离得到20多种附子多糖,它们在相对分子质量、单糖组成、糖苷键等结构特征以及生物活性方面存在明显差异。尤其是附子多糖在发酵、浸泡、蒸煮等复杂炮制环境下可能发生溶解、降解或变构,导致附子多糖结构的多样化,这为深入理解附子多糖的结构-活性关系提供了可能。因此,该文系统梳理了附子多糖的结构、构效关系相关研究进展,总结了附子多糖的生物活性以及潜在的起效机制,并对附子多糖开发应用所面临的技术挑战进行了讨论,以期促进附子多糖的质量控制与深度开发利用。

Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata polysaccharides(AP) are a class of bioactive macromolecules extracted from the herbs of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and its various processed products.Since the AP was first separated in 1986,its pharmacological effects include immune regulation,anti-tumor,anti-depression,organ protection,hypoglycemia,and anti-inflammatory had been found.In recent years,with the development of polysaccharide extraction,separation,and structure identification technologies,more than 20 kinds of AP have been separated from Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and its processed products,and they have ob-vious differences in relative molecular weight,monosaccharide composition,glycosidic bond,structural characteristics,and biological activities.In particular,AP may be dissolved,degraded,or allosteric under the complex processing environment of fermentation,soaking,cooking,etc.,leading to the diversified structure of AP,which provides a possibility for further understanding of the structure-activity relationship of AP.Therefore,this study systematically reviewed the research progress on the structure and structure-activity relationship of AP,summarized the biological activity and potential action mechanism of AP,and discussed the technical challenges in the development and application of AP,so as to promote the quality control and further development and utilization of AP.