盐湖提锂纳滤膜研究进展

Advancements in Nanofiltration Membrane Technology for Lithium Extraction from Salt Lakes

锂是我国发展新能源等产业的关键资源,进口依赖度大。盐湖提锂是应对锂短缺问题的重要途径,然而盐湖中高浓度的伴生镁离子给高效提锂带来挑战。纳滤膜可通过孔径筛分和电荷排斥效应的协同,有效分离镁锂离子,在盐湖提锂中扮演着重要的角色。本文从纳滤膜结构(孔径、电荷、厚度)调控出发,介绍了新单体设计、表面改性、共混掺杂、底膜改性等膜结构调控策略,阐述了膜结构与镁锂分离性能的构效关系,总结了不同制膜方法在镁锂分离过程中的优劣,展望了新型镁锂分离纳滤膜的研究方向。

Lithium is a crucial resource for the development of new energy industries in our country,which heavily relies on imports.The extraction of lithium from salt lakes presents an important solution to address the shortage of this valuable element.However,the high concentration of magnesium ions associated with salt lakes poses significant challenges to efficient lithium extraction.Nanofiltration membranes can effectively separate magnesium-lithium ions through pore size screening and charge repulsion synergies,thereby playing an increasingly vital role.Based on the regulation of membrane structure,including pore size,charge,and thickness,this article introduces various strategies for regulating membrane structure such as surface modification,nano doping,and new interfacial polymerization processes.The relationship between membrane structure and separation performance in Mg/L is also discussed.Additionally,the advantages and disadvantages of different methods for preparing membranes in the separation process of Mg/Li are summarized.