流视角下对钢铁智能制造的几点思考

Some thoughts on steel intelligent manufacturing from perspective of flow

绿色化是钢铁制造的合需、低耗、低成本等众多目标中需要优先考虑的目标,钢铁智能制造是实现这些目标的重要手段,将视角从单元转向考虑物质流、能量流和信息流的系统视角是对钢铁制造流程系统的一次认知革命。运用复杂性科学和认知科学理论,从流的视角分析了钢铁制造流程系统的运动本质和智能在钢铁制造中的核心功能,得到对钢铁智能制造的一些认识。钢铁制造流程系统是一个由物质、能量、信息和流控资源在系统流域上形成的由物质流、能量流和信息流等共同作用的工程耗散结构。不同时空尺度下,系统呈现连续流或离散/连续混合流特征。系统可看作一个多层信息-物理共生系统,每层可有多个信息-物理子系统。同层子系统之间存在物质、能量和信息相互作用,系统和子系统之间存在信息相互作用。系统的运动本质是由价值目标吸引下,通过信息流导引、反馈和控制作用的能量流驱动的物质流运动过程。信息流的有序对于制造目标的实现极为关键。在钢铁智能制造中通过信息处理的有序来实现高效低成本的信息流有序是一个关键问题。钢铁智能制造中的信息系统宜采用感知层、记忆层、思维层、执行层4层架构,在感知层对数据可采用“用后即弃”策略。柔性指数可用于刻画单一物质流的柔性大小或节奏的均匀程度。计算试验表明,柔性指数越大,流的停留时间越短。

Greening is a goal that needs to be prioritized among many goals such as meeting demand,low consumption,and low cost in steel manufacturing.Steel intelligent manufacturing is an important means to achieve these goals.The perspective changing from the metallurgical unit to the entire manufacturing process system considering material flow,energy flow and information flow is a cognitive revolution for steel manufacturing process system.The theory of complexity science,cognitive science and metallurgical process engineering have been applied to analyze the nature of the steel manufacturing system from the perspective of flow and the key function of intelligence in steel manufacturing,and obtain some understanding of the steel intelligent manufacturing.The steel manufacturing system is an engineering dissipative structure formed by material flow,energy flow,information flow and flow control resources on the flow area in the system.At different spatial and temporal scales,the system exhibits continuous flow or discrete/continuous mixed flow characteristics.The system can be regarded as a multi-layer cyber-physical system,in which each layer can have multiple cyber-physical subsystems.There are material,energy and information interactions between subsystems on the same level,and there are information interactions between system and subsystems.The essence of the system is the material flow movement process guided and controlled by the information flow as well as driven by the energy flow under the attraction of the value goal.The orderly flow of information is critical to the achievement of manufacturing goals.In steel intelligent manufacturing,it is a key issue to realize efficiently and low-costly the order of information flow through the order of information processing.The information system in steel intelligent manufacturing should adopt a four-level structure of perception layer,memory layer,thinking layer and action layer,and the strategy of"disposable after use"should be adopted for data at the perception layer.The flexibility index can be used to describe the flexibility or the rhythm uniformity of a single material flow.Computational experiments show that the greater the flexibility index,the shorter the residence time of the flow.