中国式创新的理论内涵及路径演进的内在逻辑

Theoretical connotations of the Chinese-style innovation and the internal logic of its path evolution

“后发陷阱”是后发国家普遍面对的创新挑战,而中国作为典型的后发工业国,却成功探索出了一条适合自身发展的创新道路。本文基于历史逻辑、实践逻辑和理论逻辑相互统一的视角,探索“中国式创新”的理论内涵并构建了系统的研究框架。(1)在历史逻辑下,本文基于制度创新和科技创新协同发展的规律,系统梳理了中国式创新经历“科技创新需求驱动制度创新”“科技创新服务于经济制度创新”“制度创新开辟科技创新新道路”和“制度创新保障科技强国之路”的历史进程;(2)在实践逻辑下,本文从实践方向、实践道路以及实践保障三方面分析了中国式创新路径演进的实践经验;(3)在理论逻辑下,本文追溯中国式创新的理论根源是“科学技术是生产力”和“马克思主义群众观点”,并对中国式创新的理论话语体系进行剖析,提出了“双轮驱动创新发展观”“全面深化改革创新观”以及“国家战略创新引领观”。研究有效揭示了有为政府作为中国实现后发跨越的决定性力量,在塑造中国式创新话语体系中承担的核心意义,为今后面向中国式现代化的国家创新体系建构提供学科启示。

“The trap of late development”is an innovation challenge commonly faced by late-developing countries.Most developing countries are often trapped in the dilemma of“technology generation gap”,but China,as a typical late-developing industrial country,successfully explored an innovation path suitable for its own development.Unlike previous fragmented research that only explored the historical process or innovation model of Chinese-style innovation,this study explored the historical rules,practical experiences,and theoretical bases for the evolution of the Chinese-style innovation path from the perspective of the unity of historical logic,practical logic,and theoretical logic,explored the theoretical connotation of“Chinese-style innovation”and constructed a systematic research framework,thereby unraveling the mystery of China′s“trap of late development”.(1)Under the historical logic,this study,based on the synergistic relationship between institutional innovation and sci-tech innovation,systematically sorted out the historical process of Chinese-style innovation through“demand for sci-tech innovation drives institutional innovation”,“sci-tech innovation serves economic institutional innovation”,“institutional innovation opens up a new path for sci-tech innovation”and“institutional innovation guarantees the road to scientific and technological power”.(2)Under the practical logic,this study analyzed the practical experience of the path evolution of Chinese innovation from three aspects:the practical direction,the practical path and the practical guarantee.Specifically,the practical direction includes the scientific and technological direction with the goal of“tackling major tasks”and the institutional direction with the goal of“common prosperity”;the practical path of Chinese-style innovation follows the sci-tech innovation path of“‘from 1 to N'surrounds‘from 0 to 1'”and the institutional innovation path of“‘moving steadily gradually'shifting to‘top-level design'”;Chinese-style innovation takes the national system as an institutional guarantee,and insists on the rule of law as a legal guarantee.(3)Under the theoretical logic,this study proposed that the theoretical roots of Chinese-style innovation are“science and technology is productivity”and“Marxist view of the masses”,and analyzed the theoretical discourse system of Chinese-style innovation.Specifically,“the two-wheel drive innovation development concept”has corrected the traditional concept of emphasizing technology over system in the process of leap-forward development;“the view of comprehensively deepening reform and innovation”and“the view of leading national strategic innovation”will provide theoretical guidance for China to avoid falling into such the trap of late development as“speed trap”,“growth trap”and“imitation trap”in the process of catching up.The policy implications include:while innovation and development are undergoing in the future in China,there is a necessity of further exerting the government′s regulatory role and promote a better integration of effective government and efficient markets.It is still necessary to constantly leverage the institutional advantages that the new-type system of nationwide mobilization for pooling all resources to accomplish major tasks,gather scientific and technological strength and innovative resources to break bottleneck in key core technologies.In addition,in the new round of technological and industrial revolutions,making full use of a dual driving role in sci-tech and institutional innovation,being beware of the new“traps”brought by digital technology,and taking a lead in the high-quality development of the national innovation system in the digital economy era are sustainable in significance.