非虚构文学成立的条件及其意义

The Conditions for the Establishment of Non-fiction Literature and Its Significance

“非虚构”研究热潮引起的争论远多于共识,对作者意图与实践的强调远多于对文本形式的剖析,概念使用的意义边界也存在重叠与矛盾。作为非虚构写作的产物,非虚构文学又卷入了真实与虚构辨析的诗学传统,其形式特征与文本内容又牵扯出作者、读者与文化的复杂关联。本文认为,非虚构文学的成立有赖于四个层面的共同作用:文本内,作者与叙述者的合一;伴随文本,副文本与型文本的合拍;从文本到文化,文本自携元语言与语境元语言的合力;文本外,作者与读者的合谋。由此,“非虚构”作为一种文化形式,需要首先回到文本形式特征的辨析,进而才能明晰文本之外的主体与文化如何发挥作用。

The upsurge of“non--fiction”research has caused more controversy than consensus.The emphasis on the author's in-tention and practice is much more than the analysis of the text form.The meaning boundary of is concept use also exists overlap and contradiction.As the product of non fiction writing,non-fiction literature is involved in the poetic tradition of distinguishing be-tween truth and fetion,and its formal features and text content involve the complex relationship between author,reader and culture.This paper argues that the establishment of non-fiction depends on the joint action of four levels:the unity of author and narrator within the texl;cooperation between para-text and archi-texl;from text lo culture,text carries mela--language and context meta-lan-guage together;outside the text,the collusion between the author and the reader.Therefore,a8 a cultural form,"non-fiction"needs to returm to the diserimination of the formal characteristies of the lext,so that the role of the subject and culture outside the text can be clarified.