分层与累积:论屈骚传统的生成与衍变

Hierarchy and Accumulation:Research on Generation and Evolution of Qusac Tradition

“罹患与救赎”是屈辞开创的经典主题,“救赎”的不同书写方式在汉代拟骚赋中影响有别并率先昭示了层级划分的趋向。《九章》作为屈骚传统形成过程中的关键一环,在诸多层面显现出与《离骚》的疏离而与汉代拟骚赋的“亲密”。以往的研究,受传统“作者”观念的影响,忽视了这一区别,也未能揭示出文本创制过程中的“分层—累积”机制,论述视野受到局限。如果着眼于文本的时序性排列,可将《楚辞》一书中收录的作品划分为包括“楚辞元典”在内的四个层级,背后的助推动因就是司马迁、王逸等人指出的“祖述”传统。屈骚文学的流变与式微,与“祖述”传统发挥的积极与消极作用有莫大的关系。从这一维度来看,屈辞与先秦子书又似乎多了一层可供比照的关联。

“Sufferingandsalvationw”as a classic theme created by Qu Ci.The different ways of expression of“salvation”had different influences on the Han imitations and first revealed the trend of hierarchical division.As a key to the formation of the Qusao tradition,Jiu Zhang was different from the Li Sao,but was similar to the mimetic poetry in the Han dynasty.Previous studies,influenced by the traditional concept of"author",ignored this distinction and failed to reveal the"Hierarchy and Accumulation"mechanism in the process of text creation,which limited the perspective of discussion.If we focus on the chronological arrangement of the texts,the works collected in the book of Chu Ci can be divided into four levels,including the“Chu Ci Yuan Dian”,the driving force behind which is the“Zu Shu”tradition pointed out by Sima Qian and Wang Yi.The evolution and decline of Qusao literature are closely related to the positive and negative effects of the“Zu Shu”tradition.From this dimension,Qu Ci seems to have an extra layer of comparisonwith the Zi of the Pre-Qin Dynasty.