基于ITHBC理论的护理干预联合健康宣教在GDM患者中的应用

Application of Nursing Intervention Based on ITHBC Theory Combined with Health Education in Patients with GDM

目的:观察基于健康行为改变整合理论(integrated theory of health behavior change,ITHBC)的护理干预联合健康宣教在妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者中的应用。方法:选取2021年4月—2022年4月玉林市妇幼保健院收治规律孕检的GDM患者200例,以随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,各100例。对照组给予健康宣教指导,观察组在常规健康教育宣教指导基础上给予基于ITHBC理论的护理干预联合健康宣教。比较两组健康教育内容掌握评分与健康促进生活方式量表(HPLP)评分及生化指标,统计干预后的遵医行为情况及GDM患者对干预的满意度。结果:干预后2周,两组健康教育内容掌握评分与HPLP评分均较干预前提升,且观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平均较干预前明显降低,且观察组均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组各项遵医行为比例较对照组均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组对干预的总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:开展基于ITHBC理论的护理干预联合健康宣教对GDM的联合干预手段,可以有效地提升GDM患者对于健康教育内容的掌握及健康行为能力,平稳降低血糖指标,提升遵医行为与对干预的满意度,效果理想。

Objective:To observe the application of nursing intervention based on integrated theory of health behavior change(ITHBC)combined with health education in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Method:A total of 200 GDM patients admitted to Yulin Maternal and Child Health Hospital for regular pregnancy examination from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected,and divided into the control group and the observation group by random number table method,with 100 cases in each group.The control group was given routine health education guidance,while the observation group was given nursing intervention combined with health education based on the ITHBC theory on the basis of routine health education guidance.The scores of health education content mastery,health promotion lifestyle profile(HPLP)scores,and biochemical indicators between the two groups were compared,and the compliance behavior and the satisfaction of GDM patients with the intervention after the intervention were calculated.Result:After 2 weeks of intervention,the scores of health education content mastery and HPLP in both groups were improved compared with those before intervention,and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the levels of fasting blood glucose and 2 hour postprandial blood glucose were significantly reduced compared with those before treatment,and those in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).All compliance behaviors proportions in the observation group were significantly increased compared to those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The overall satisfaction rate with intervention in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Conducting nursing interventions based on the theory of ITHBC combined with health education for GDM can effectively improve GDM patients'mastery of health education content and health behavior abilities,steadily reduce blood sugar indicators,and improve compliance behavior and satisfaction with the intervention,the effect is ideal.