甲状腺癌与乳腺癌的致病因素分析

Analysis of Pathogenic Factors of Thyroid Carcinoma and Breast Cancer

甲状腺癌是女性最常见的一种内分泌肿瘤,由于其发病率的快速上升和患病人群的日益年轻化,使得甲状腺癌已成为一个地区甚至世界范围内的研究热点;而乳腺癌仍是女性恶性肿瘤之首,其筛查和治疗是临床工作的关键。医疗水平的不断成熟和人们对疾病监测与预防意识的增强,一方面使得恶性肿瘤患者术后寿命延长和生活质量提高,另一方面也大大增加了继发肿瘤的风险。由于甲状腺和乳腺均受神经内分泌轴的调控,因此两者的发生和发展可能存在着相同的致病因素。本文对甲状腺癌与乳腺癌在激素、自身免疫性抗体、肥胖、基因、放射等方面存在的共同致病因素及机制进行了综述和讨论,进一步探讨甲状腺癌与乳腺癌之间的相互关系。

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine tumor in women,and due to its rapid increase in incidence and the younger age of the affected population,thyroid cancer has become a research hot spot in a region or even in the world;breast cancer is still the first female malignant tumor,and its screening and treatment is the key to clinical work.With the continuous maturity of medical level and the enhancement of people's awareness of disease monitoring and prevention,on the one hand,the life span and quality of life of patients with malignant tumors after surgery have been extended,and on the other hand,the risk of secondary tumors has been greatly increased.Because both thyroid gland and mammary gland are regulated by neuroendocine axis,the occurrence and development of both may have the same pathogenic factors.This article reviews and discusses the common pathogenic factors and mechanisms of thyroid cancer and breast cancer in hormones,autoimmune antibodies,obesity,genes,radiation,etc.,and further explores the relationship between thyroid carcinoma and breast cancer.