棉田诱集植物对棉蚜及捕食性天敌种群动态的影响

Effects of Trap Crops in Cotton Field on the Population Dynamics of Aphis gosspyii and Predatory Natural Enemies

为了探索棉蚜绿色防控技术,研究5种诱集植物油菜、小麦、羽扇豆、薄荷、甜荞麦对棉田天敌种群的诱集效果,于2021年系统调查棉田及两侧诱集植物上棉蚜及天敌种群密度。结果表明:不同诱集植物诱集效果不同,且差异较大,其中油菜和小麦上的天敌数量显著高于其他3种诱集植物及自然杂草(CK),油菜和小麦上多异瓢虫平均百株虫量可达213.33头和193.33头,草蛉平均百株数量可达113.33头和53.33头,其他诱集植物上百株虫量均少于50头。对应棉田中天敌数量也有明显增加,且发生高峰期早于对照棉田。本研究筛选出油菜和小麦这2种诱集植物对天敌种群有显著诱集效果,能促进棉田捕食性天敌的发生与生物控害。

With the aim to explore the green control technology for cotton aphid,five trap crops like rape Brassica napus L.,wheat Triticum aestivum L.,lupin Lupinus micranthus Guss.,mint Mentha haplocalyx Briq.,and common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench,were studied for their trapping effects on the populations of natural enemies in cotton fields and the population density of cotton aphid and natural enemies in cotton fields and the trap crops on both sides in 2021.The results showed that the trap crops differed in their trapping efficiency,the population size of natural enemies on rape and wheat was significantly higher than that on the other three trap crops and natural weeds(CK).On rape and wheat,the density of H.variegata reached 213.33 and 193.33 per 100 plants,and that of Chrysopidae was 113.33 and 53.33 per 100 plants,respectively,whereas on the other trap crops,the densities of natural enemies were less than 50 per 100 plants.The densities of natural enemies in the cotton fields corresponding to rape and wheat fields also increased significantly,and the occurrence peak was earlier than that of the control cotton fields.From the present study,two trap crops,rape and wheat,were screened for significant trapping effects on natural enemies populations,which can promote the occurrence and biological control service of predatory natural enemies in cotton fields.