组合运动干预对肥胖女青少年身体成分、心血管风险因素及心肺适能影响的研究

Effects of Combined Motion Intervention on Body Composition,Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiopulmonary Fitness of Obese Female Adolescents

背景目前,全球范围内肥胖儿童青少年数量急剧增加,其中,5~19岁人群肥胖患病率约增加了8倍,2~4岁儿童肥胖患病率约增加了1倍。运动干预对于改善肥胖和增强心肺适能具有重要影响。但缺乏组合运动干预对14~16岁肥胖女青少年影响的研究。目的探讨12周组合运动干预对肥胖女青少年身体成分、心血管风险因素及心肺适能的影响。方法于2022年5—7月在山东曲阜市选取14~16岁肥胖女青少年48名作为研究对象,将48名研究对象进行编号,然后利用随机数字分为试验组(24名)和对照组(24名)。试验组根据纳排标准最后纳入20名女生,整个干预过程持续12周,包括跳绳运动干预和跆拳道运动干预;而对照组在整个12周中不进行任何运动干预和其他饮食或者药物干预。分别在12周运动干预前和运动干预后检测受试者身高、体质量、体脂率、腰围、BMI、血压、空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及最大摄氧量(VO_(2max))等,并比较两组及干预前后各指标的差异。采用Pearson相关性分析探讨肥胖女青少年体脂率、腰围与VO_(2max)的相关性。结果干预前,两组女生年龄、身高、体质量、体脂率、腰围、BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压、FPG、胰岛素、HOMAIR、最大完成次数(Laps)、最大跑速(MAS)、VO_(2max)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);12周运动干预后,试验组女生体脂率、腰围、SBP、DBP、FPG、胰岛素、HOMA-IR均低于对照组,而Laps、MAS、VO_(2max)高于对照组(P<0.05);与干预前比较,12周运动干预后试验组女生体脂率、腰围、SBP、DBP、FPG、胰岛素、HOMA-IR均降低,而Laps、MAS、VO_(2max)升高(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,肥胖女青少年体脂率、腰围与VO_(2max)呈负相关(r=-0.55,P<0.001;r=-0.41,P<0.001)。结论12周组合运动干预能够改善肥胖女青少年身体成分和心血管风险因素,同时也能够通过增加VO_(2max)来增强心肺适能。

Background At present,there has been a dramatic increase in the number of obese children and adolescents globally,among which the prevalence of obesity in children aged 5 to 19 years has increased by about 8 times,and the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2 to 4 years has increased by about 1 times.Exercise intervention has an important effect on improving obesity and enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness.However,studies on the effects of combined motion intervention on obese female adolescents aged 14-16 years have not been addressed.Objective To investigate the effects of 12-week combined motion intervention on body composition,cardiovascular risk factors and cardiopulmonary fitness in obese female adolescents.Methods From May to July 2022,48 obese female adolescents aged 14 to 16 years old in Qufu City,Shandong Province were selected as research objects,numbered and divided into the experimental group(n=24)and control group(n=24)using random numbers.The experimental group finally included 20 female adolescents based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the whole intervention lasted for 12 weeks,including rope skipping intervention and taekwondo intervention;while the control group did not perform any exercise intervention and other dietary or pharmacological interventions throughout the 12 weeks.The indicators such as height,body mass,body fat rate(BFR),waist circumference,BMI,blood pressure(BP),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),insulin,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)and maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))were detected before and after the 12-week combined motion intervention and compared between the two groups,as well as before and after the intervention.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation of BFR and waist circumference with VO_(2max)in obese female adolescents.Results Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in age,height,body mass,BFR,waist circumference,BMI,systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),pulse pressure difference,FPG,insulin,HOMA-IR,maximal number of completions(Laps),maximal aerobic speed(MAS),and VO_(2max)between the two groups(P>0.05).After 12-week combined motion intervention,BFR,waist circumference,SBP,DBP,FPG,insulin and HOMA-IR in the experimental group were lower than the control group,while Laps,MAS,VO_(2max)was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).Compared with pre-intervention,the BFR,waist circumference,SBP,DBP,FPG,insulin and HOMA-IR were decreased and Laps,MAS,VO_(2max)were increased after 12-week combined motion intervention(P<0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that body fat percentage and circumference were negatively correlated with VO_(2max)in obese female adolescents(r=-0.55,P<0.001;r=-0.41,P<0.001).Conclusion The 12-week combined motion intervention can improve body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in obese female adolescents,and also enhance cardiopulmonary fitness by increasing VO_(2max).