我国高等教育科技创新政策演进研究——基于1987-2022年《教育部工作要点》政策工具的文本分析

The Evolution of Science and Technology Innovation Policy of Higher Education in China--A Textual Analysis Based on the Policy Tools of the Working Points of the Ministry of Education(1987-2022)

高等教育科技创新政策是推动高等教育高质量发展,促进大学系统有效融入国家科技创新体系的基础力量和重要保障。基于1987-2022年《教育部工作要点》政策文本,构建政策工具、创新价值链和高等教育质量三维分析模型,运用文本内容分析法,对我国高等教育科技创新政策工具使用特征及其演进规律进行分析。研究发现,我国高等教育科技创新政策形成了以国家专项拨款为主要供给,以体制改革和评估监测为调节手段,以国家项目为主要需求的类市场化政策框架体系;高等教育科技创新政策工具逐渐丰富,政策组合形成协同效应,但仍存在一定的结构性问题;高等教育质量维度的政策工具演进体现了高等教育供给侧的结构性改革,完善需求和供给联动机制的问题日益凸显;高等教育科技创新内涵由单纯追求科技产出拓展到创新创业人才培养,对创新过程的关注有待加强。

Science&technology innovation(STI)policy of higher education is a fundamental force and an important guarantee to promote the development of high-quality higher education and facilitate the effective integration of the university system into the national innovation system.Based on the Working Points of the Ministry of Education(1987-2022),we constructed a three-dimensional analytical model that included the design of STI policy tools,innovation value chain,and the quality of higher education.Using textual analysis,we studied the characteristics and its evolutionary patterns in using the STI policy tools of higher education in China.The results showed that the STI policy of higher education in China had formed a quasi-market-driven policy framework with earmarked funds as the main supply,institutional reform and evaluation monitoring as the means of regulation,and state projects as the main demand.The policy tools of higher education in China are gradually enriched,and the policy mix is forming a synergy effect,but there are still some structural problems.The evolution of policy tools in the quality dimension of higher education reflects the structural reform of the supply side of higher education,but there is an urgent need to improve the linkage mechanism between demand and supply.Furthermore,the connotation of STI in higher education has expanded from the mere pursuit of scientific and technological outputs to the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents;however,there is still a lack of attention to the innovation process.