清末《大同报》及其西藏报道浅议(1907-1911)

A Brief Discussion on Datong Bao and its Tibetan Reports at the End of Qing Dynasty(1907-1911)

清朝末期,广学会名噪一时,它是西方教会在中国创办的最大的出版机构。广学会大量创办报刊、出版书籍,宣扬西学和变法精神以影响中国士大夫阶层,并妄图“自上而下”地影响整个中国。由其主办的《大同报》关注时政,积极倡导和平改良之思想,在当时产生了广泛影响。《大同报》中的西藏报道内容丰富,主要包括对清末西藏新政的报道、对十三世达赖喇嘛晋京朝觐的报道以及对《泰晤士报》记者兰敦及英印官员鄂康诺西藏记述的翻译。其中,对清末西藏新政的报道占比最大,这与广学会妄图深度参与并影响中国社会改革的目的相一致,也让我们看到了清廷加强西藏治理的坚定决心。需指出的是,《大同报》的西藏报道带有明显的“亲西方”倾向,它没有报道英国第二次侵藏战争,也没有对英、俄侵藏的阴谋作任何分析,这是因为传教士们往往与殖民势力有着千丝万缕的联系。但客观来看,这些报道给关心时局者提供了难得的了解西藏事务的途径,也为我们研究清末西藏提供了新的视角。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty,the GuangXueHui was famous for a while,and it was the largest publishing institution founded by the Western Church in China.GuangXueHui published a large number of newspapers,periodicals and books,propagating the spirit of western learning and reform in order to influence the Chinese scholar-official class,and attempted to influence the whole China"from top to bottom".DaTongBao,which was sponsored by it,paid attention to current politics and actively advocated the idea of peaceful reform,which had a wide influence at that time.The Tibet coverage of"DaTongBao"was rich,mainly including reports on the late Qing Dynasty's new policies in Tibet,reports on the pilgrimage of the 13th Dalai Lama to Beijing,and translations of the Tibet accounts of"The Times"journalist London and British Indian official O'Connor.Among them,the coverage of the New Deal in Tibet accounted for the largest proportion,which was consistent with the aim of the Guang Xuehui to deeply participate in and influence China's social reform,and also showed us the firm determination of the Qing court to strengthen Tibet's governance.It should be pointed out that the Tibet report of the"DaTongbao"has a clear"pro Western"tendency.It did not report on the hot topic of the second British invasion of Tibet,nor did it conduct any analysis of the conspiracy of Britain and Russia to invade Tibet.This should be a selective"forgetting",because missionaries often have countless connections with colonial forces.But objectively speaking,these reports provide a rare way for those who are concerned about the current situation to observe Tibetan affairs,and also provide us with a new perspective for studying Tibet in the late Qing dynasty.