乡村振兴背景下青海热贡地区“嘉拉么”藏靴技艺的传承研究

Research on the Inheritance of"Rgyal-lham" Tibetan Boot Skills in Rebgong Area of Qinghai under the Background of Rural Revitalization

实施乡村振兴战略,民间传统技艺是无法逾越的存在实体,传承和发展民间传统手工技艺,既有助于其政策的大力推行,也有助于乡村文明建设、增强文化自信。文章运用民族学与民俗学理论与方法,通过实地调查并结合文献资料,阐释了青海热贡地区江什加村“嘉拉么”藏靴制作技艺悠久的历史源起,繁杂的制作流程,鲜明的文化特点。进一步阐释了江什加村“嘉拉么”藏靴技艺日趋消亡的发展现状,从社会经济的发展、科学技术的发展、多文化交往交流交融、手艺人自身思维方式的变化等多方面分析了该项技艺时至今日所变迁的缘由,由此得出藏族制鞋技艺作为传统自然经济模式下产生的一种工艺技巧,是藏族十明文化之工巧明的重要组成部分,更是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成内容。在国家政策的推行和支持下,通过因地制宜地家庭和社会单位的正确引导,增强中华文化认同感;政府主导,推动文化现代化发展;以人为本,加强人才队伍建设;守正创新,推动文化创新发展等途径,对该项非遗技艺的保护和传承提出与时俱进的优化策略。

The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,folk traditional handicraft skills are an insurmountable existence,inheritance and development of traditional handicrafts is conducive to the implementation of its strategic policies,but also conducive to the construction of rural civilization and the strengthening of cultural self-confidence.As a craft technique produced in the traditional natural economic model,Tibetan shoemaking skills are exquisitely crafted and diverse,and are an important part of the Tibetan shiming culture.With the advancement of China's economic marketization,the degree of industrialization of clothing and footwear has been continuously improved,so that the traditional handmade shoemaking skills are facing the dilemma of inheritance and development.This paper takes the production technology of"rgyal-lham"Tibetan boots in Jiangshijia Village,Rebgong Prefecture,Qinghai as the research object,expounds the origin and characteristics of its skills,production process,development status,analyzes the reasons for its technical changes,and then puts forward countermeasures to keep pace with the times for its protection and inheritance.