灾害文化视野下拉祜族节日建构研究——以云南南美拉祜族乡搭桥节为例

Research on the Construction of the Disaster Culture View of the Ethnic Festival——A Case Study of Bridge Festival in Nanmei Lahu Nationality Township,Yunnan Province

拉祜族在与自然良性活动以及自然灾害顽强抗争中,不断进行文化调适,并逐渐形成了丰富的灾害文化。拉祜族节日是民族文化精髓与结晶,也是民族灾害文化的重要组成部分。云南省临沧市临翔区南美拉祜族乡的拉祜族民众在山高峡谷、地势陡峭、河流纵横的自然生境与灾害横生的双重影响下创造出了对民族生存与发展具有重大意义的搭桥节。这节日生成与传播过程也映射出拉祜族民族节日建构的一种路径,即拉祜族民众能够将应对灾害的方式从个户行为逐渐演变为集体行动,再从集体行动扩散到邻近的村组形成群体活动,再从群体活动逐渐发展为具有传承作用的地方特色民族节日文化,即将灾害应对的力量逐渐从个体上升为集体,再从集体扩散为群体,最后由群体升华为一种影响后世族群发展的意识形态,充分体现出中华民族精神的相融相通。

Lahu people,in their resilient struggle against natural benign activities and natural disasters,have consistently engaged in cultural adaptation and gradually developed a robust disaster culture.The Lahu festival represents the essence and culmination of their national culture,as well as an integral component of their national disaster culture.In Linxiang District,Lincang City,Yunnan Province,the Lahu people residing in South America Lahu Township have established a bridge section that holds great significance for the survival and development of their nation amidst the dual influences of challenging natural habitats characterized by high mountains,valleys,steep terrains,rivers,and frequent disasters.The generation and dissemination process of this festival also reflects a path towards constructing Lahu ethnic festivals:from individual household behaviors to collective actions within neighboring village groups that eventually evolve into group activities with local characteristics inherent to ethnic festival culture.This progression demonstrates how the power of disaster response gradually shifts from individuals to collectives before spreading among various groups until it ultimately becomes an ideology influencing the development of future generations within the ethnic community.It fully embodies the integration of Chinese national spirit.