感染在自身免疫性疾病发生发展中的作用

The role of infection in the development of autoimmune diseases

自身免疫性疾病是指机体自身免疫耐受状态被打破或自身免疫性细胞调节异常,免疫系统产生自身抗体,造成自身组织损伤或功能异常而导致的临床病症。大多病因不明,容易反复,对患者的生活质量造成巨大的负担。感染性病原体在启动自身免疫过程和加剧疾病进展中都有潜在的作用,相反的是某些病原体还可以抑制自身免疫反应。本文总结了不同类型的感染与自身免疫性疾病之间的联系,其可能的作用机制包括病原体抗原的分子模拟、旁观者T细胞或B细胞活化、自身抗原的修饰以及表位扩散等。

Autoimmune diseases refer to clinical diseases caused by the body′s autoimmune tolerance state being broken or autoimmune cells being abnormally regulated,and the immune system produces autoantibodies,causing self-tissue damage or abnormal function.Most of the causes are unknown and easy to repeat,causing a huge burden on the quality of life of patients.Infectious pathogens have a potential role in initiating autoimmune processes and exacerbating disease progression,and conversely,some pathogens can suppress autoimmune responses.This paper summarizes the relationship between different types of infection and autoimmune diseases.Possible mechanisms of action include molecular mimicry of pathogen antigens,activation of bystander T or B cells,modification of autoantigens,and epitope diffusion.