艺术是“幻象”吗?——以阿多诺《美学理论》为中心的思考

Is Art an Illusion?-Reflections on Adorno s Aesthetic Theory

阿多诺是20世纪德国哲学家、美学家,他的美学思想不可避免地带有时代的印痕。其美学思想并非纯粹的哲学思辨,而是带有强烈的社会功用性。这一特点集中体现在他对于艺术“幻象”的论述中。在《美学理论》中,阿多诺对“幻象”进行了阐释,发现在时代发展中的“幻象的危机”,并通过艺术的“谜语特质”将“幻象”和“真理”联系在一起。他一方面通过“幻象”来维持艺术自律性的地位,另一方面认可艺术在不同阶段所呈现出的自在的发展。阿多诺认为艺术是有救赎作用的,其中包含的真理性更是治世之良药。艺术是构建理想社会不可缺少的部分。他用艺术作为社会精神建设的工具,从中可以看出他对当时社会的不满以及对构建新型社会的希冀。因此,阿多诺对艺术幻象的论述对我们客观把握当下消费主义泛滥的文化现实以及当代艺术的未来走向都有一定的启发意义。

Adorno was a 20th century German philosopher and aesthetician and his aesthetic ideas inevitably bear the imprint of the times.They are not purely philosophical speculation,but have a strong social utility.This characteristic is mainly reflected in his discourse on the“illusion”of art.In Aesthetic Theory,Adorno explains“illusion”and discovers the“crisis of illusion”in the development of the times,connecting“illusion”and“truth”through the“riddle trait”of art.On the one hand,he maintains the status of artistic self-discipline through“illusion”,and on the other hand,he recognizes the free development of art at different stages.Adorno believes that art has a redeeming effect and the truth contained in it is also a good medicine for governing the world.Art is an indispensable part of building an ideal society.Adorno uses art as a tool for social spiritual construction,from which he can see his dissatisfaction and despair towards the society at that time,as well as his hope for building a new type of society.Therefore,Adorno s discourse on artistic illusion has certain enlightening significance for the current cultural reality of rampant consumerism and how to grasp contemporary art.