湖南省“三生空间”的时空变化及生态环境质量

Spatiotemporal Changes and Ecological Environmental Quality of the“Three Spaces”in Hunan Province

【目的】经济发展及城镇化,导致生产、生活及生态空间(“三生空间”)的结构与功能发生改变,进而引起区域生态环境质量的变化。研究“三生空间”的时空演变及生态环境质量,可为“三生空间”用地科学管理提供参考。【方法】选取湖南省2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年5期土地利用数据,利用转移矩阵和重心转移分析湖南省“生产—生活—生态”空间用地功能转型的时空变化及其特征,采用基于专家评分法的生态环境质量指数评估模型对区域生态环境质量进行综合测度,结合土地利用转型的生态贡献率定量分析湖南省2000-2020年“三生空间”变化的生态环境效应。【结果】(1)2000-2020年湖南省“三生空间”中农业生产空间、林地生态空间、草地生态空间总体呈减少趋势,以生产空间和生态空间的相互转换为主。(2)生产空间中工矿生产空间重心转移距离最大(32 853.9 m),转移距离最小的为农业生产空间(587.53 m)和林地生态空间(523.01 m)。(3)研究期内生态环境质量指数先降后升,整体下降约6.7%。在空间上呈“西高北低,由北向南逐步提升”的分布格局。【结论】“三生空间”的数量与空间变化,影响了湖南省生态环境质量。林地生态空间转为农业和工矿生产空间、城镇生活空间是前期生态环境质量下降的主要因素,而农业生产用地转为林地等生态用地,是后期生态环境质量改善的主要原因。

【Objective】Economic development and urbanization have led to changes in the structure and function of production,living,and ecological space(called“three spaces”),thereby causing chan-ges in the quality of regional ecological environment.Studying the spatiotemporal changes and ecological environmental effects of the“three spaces”can provide reference for scientific management of land use in the“three spaces”.【Method】The land use data of five periods in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2020 were selected to analyze the spatiotemporal changes and characteristics of the“production-life-ecology”spatial land use function transformation in Hunan Province by using the transfer matrix and the shift of gravity,and the ecological environmental quality index evaluation model was used to comprehensively measure the regional ecological environmental quality.Combined with the ecological contribution rate of land use transformation,the ecological and environmental effects of the change of the“three spaces”in Hunan Province from 2000 to 2020 were quantitatively analyzed.【Result】(1)From 2000 to 2020,the agricultural production space,forest ecological space and grassland ecological space in Hunan Province showed a decreasing trend,mainly in the conversion of production space and ecological space.(2)In the production space,the shift distance of the center of gravity in industrial and mining production space was the largest(32853.9 m),and the smallest shift distance were agricultural production space(587.53 m)and forest ecological space(523.01 m).(3)During the study period,the eco-environmental quality index decreased first and then increased,with an overall decrease of about 6.7%.In space,it showed the distribution pattern of“high in the west and low in the north,gradually increasing from north to south”.【Conclusion】The quantity and spatial change of the“three spaces”have affected the ecological environmental quality in Hunan Province.The conversion of forest land ecological space into agricultural,industrial and mining production space and urban living space are the main factor of the decline of ecolog-ical environmental quality in the prior period,and the conversion of agricultural production land into for-est land and other ecological land is the main reason of the improvement of ecological environmental qual-ity in the later period.