我国空巢老人成功老龄化性别差异及其分解研究

Gender Difference in Successful Aging Among Empty Nesters in China:A Disaggregate Study

目的分析空巢老人成功老龄化性别差异及相关因素,为缩小空巢老人性别差异、促进健康公平性提供依据。方法2023年2-5月,便利抽样法选取贵阳市452名社区空巢老人为研究对象,采用成功老龄化量表、社会资本量表、心理一致感量表及中文版健康促进生活方式量表-Ⅱ对其进行调查。结果婚姻、文化水平、慢性病数量、社会资本、心理一致感和健康促进生活方式影响空巢老人成功老龄化(均P<0.05)。Oaxaca-Blinder分解法显示,不同性别间成功老龄化的差异65.50%与个体特征有关,34.50%与性别差异自身有关。结论男性成功老龄化水平高于女性,社会资本、婚姻状态及慢性疾病患病情况是造成差异的主要原因。

Objective To explore the gender differences in successful aging among empty nesters in China,in order to provide a basis for reducing the differences and promoting health equity.Methods A total of 452 community-based empty nesters from Guiyang,Guizhou Province were recruited from February to May in 2023 with convenience sampling,surveyed using the Successful Ageing Scale,the Social Capital Scale,the Sense of Coherence Scale and the Chinese Version of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Scale-II.Results Influencing factors of successful aging include marriage,education,chronic illnesses,social capital,sense of coherence,and health-promoting lifestyle(P<0.05).The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition showed that 65.50%of the difference in successful aging between different genders was related to individual characteristics,and 34.50%to gender differences.Conclusions Men have higher levels of successful aging than women,while social capital,marital status and the prevalence of chronic diseases are the main reasons for the differences.