产业集聚、环境规制对城市建设用地绿色效率的空间效应

Spatial effects of industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation on the green efficiency of urban construction land

土地作为各种资源要素的空间载体,提升土地利用效率,是化解人地矛盾的关键突破口。转变土地利用方式,提高土地利用效率是减缓中国土地供需矛盾,维护土地生态安全的关键途径。基于2008—2019年中国269个地级市面板数据,利用超效率EBM-DEA(Epsilon-Based Measure-Data Envelopment Analysis)模型、ArcGIS空间分析及不同权重矩阵下的空间杜宾模型,探究城市建设用地绿色效率的演化特征及产业集聚、环境规制对其空间效应。结果显示:(1)研究期内,中国城市建设用地绿色效率具有较强的时空异质性,“东高西低”的梯度分布格局较为凸显;(2)产业集聚对城市建设用地绿色效率的空间效应具有显著的“U”型关系,即产业集聚超过一定阈值才能有效突破“索洛悖论”,提升本地与邻近地区城市建设用地绿色效率;(3)环境规制的“创新补偿”效应大于“遵循成本”,在一定程度上验证了“波特假说”在中国城市建设用地绿色效率中的适用性;但环境规制的“挤出效应”,也可能使邻近城市成为“污染避难所”,从而降低其城市建设用地绿色效率。通过研究以期为合理指导产业集聚与环境规制政策制定,实现城市建设用地高质量发展提供参考。

Land serves as a spatial carrier of various resource elements,while improving efficiency of land use is the key breakthrough to resolve the contradiction between man and land.Based on the panel data of 269 prefecture-level cities(not including the data of Xizang,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2008 to2019,this paper first uses the super-efficiency EBM-DEA model and ArcGIS spatial analysis to explore the evolutionary characteristics of green efficiency of urban construction land;secondly,combined with the spatial Durbin model under different weight matrices,this paper reveals the spatial effects of industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation on the green efficiency of urban construction land.The results show that:1) During the study period,the green efficiency of urban construction land in China has strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity,and the gradient distribution pattern of "high in the east and low in the west" is more prominent.2) The spatial effect of industrial agglomeration on the green efficiency of urban construction land has a significant "U"-shaped relationship;only when industrial agglomeration exceeds a certain threshold can the "Solow Paradox" be effectively broken through,thereby improving the green efficiency of urban construction land in local and neighboring areas.3) The "innovation compensation" effect of environmental regulations is greater than the "compliance cost",which to a certain extent verifies the applicability of the "Porter hypothesis" in the green efficiency of urban construction land in China;however,the "crowding out effect" of environmental regulations may also make neighboring cities "pollution refuges",thereby reducing the green efficiency of urban construction land.It is expected that this study will provide a reference for rationally guiding the formulation of industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation policies,achieving high-quality development of urban construction land.