我国两个地区儿童流感疫苗与肺炎疫苗接种现状与影响因素分析

Study of coverage of influenza and pneumonia vaccinations in children and influencing factors in two areas,China

目的了解儿童流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗的接种行为与影响因素。方法采用两阶段整群抽样,在北京市通州区和甘肃省白银市对适龄儿童家长开展横断面问卷调查,分析儿童流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗接种率及影响因素。结果共纳入2377名儿童,儿童流感疫苗接种率为35.93%,肺炎疫苗接种率为16.58%,两种疫苗均接种率为11.65%。接种两种疫苗的理由占比前三位分别为认为疾病严重(流感疫苗:36.02%;肺炎疫苗:49.61%)、学校、单位要求接种(流感疫苗:28.76%;肺炎疫苗:25.45%)和认为疾病易感(流感疫苗:26.41%;肺炎疫苗:13.88%);未接种疫苗的理由前三位分别为个人方面、疫苗本身和疫苗供应。家庭居住地为农村是影响两类疫苗接种的重要因素。子女数量>1个的家庭、家庭居住地为农村和家庭人均年收入较低与两类疫苗的接种呈负相关。结论调查地区儿童流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗接种率较低,农村家庭、多子女家庭是扩大疫苗接种的重点关注人群。加强疫苗相关知识宣教,引导家长正确认知疫苗安全性问题,协调疫苗供应与降低疫苗价格对提高流感疫苗和肺炎疫苗接种率具有促进作用。

Objective To explore the coverage of influenza and pneumonia vaccination and factors influencing the vaccination in children.Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in children's parents in Beijing and Gansu by using two-stage cluster-sampling to investigate the influenza and pneumonia vaccination rates and influencing factors in children.Results A total of 2377 parents were included in the study,and the results indicated that the influenza vaccination coverage was 35.93%and the pneumonia vaccination coverage was 16.58%in children in survey areas,the vaccination rate of both vaccines was 11.65%.The top three reasons for vaccination for both vaccines were being aware of severity of the diseases(influenza vaccine:36.02%;pneumonia vaccine:49.61%),being required by school or organization(influenza vaccine:28.76%;pneumonia vaccine:25.45%)and being aware of the susceptibility of the diseases(influenza vaccine:26.41%;pneumonia vaccine:13.88%).The top three reasons for having no vaccinations were personal unwillingness,concern about vaccine and vaccine accessibility.Families with multi children,living in rural areas and lower family income were the negative factors for both types of vaccinations.Conclusions The influenza and pneumonia vaccination coverage in children need further improvement,and rural families and families with multi children are the key concern groups for expanding vaccination coverage.Health education about influenza and pneumonia vaccinations,coordinating vaccine supply and decreasing vaccine prices play an important role in improving influenza and pneumonia vaccination coverage.