美国工矿空间生态修复管理实践及经验启示

Practice and experience of ecological restoration management in industrial and mining space in the United States

美国是较早着手解决工矿空间生态修复资金不足的国家之一。本文在梳理美国生态修复法律政策的基础上,对美国工矿空间生态修复的资金来源、组织模式、实践案例进行归纳分析,提出了中国可从美国生态修复管理工作中吸取的经验启示。研究结论:(1)美国无责任主体工矿空间的修复资金来源,主要包括政府先垫资、污染责任方后支付,以及“未来责任方”支付等三种方式;(2)美国工矿空间生态修复模式主要包括生态导向开发、公共部门和私营部门合作、社会公益与品牌提升、生态产品市场交易等4类;(3)中国未来应从构建多元化的投入渠道、发挥公益资金作用、提升修复项目收益水平、搭建部门协同机制等方面,开展工矿空间生态修复管理。

On the basis of sorting out the legal framework and funding sources of ecological restoration in the United States,this paper summarizes and analyzes the organizational model and practical cases of ecological restoration in industrial and mining space in the United States,and puts forward the experience and inspiration that China can learn from the management of ecological restoration in the United States.The conclusion is as follows:(1)The sources of funds for the restoration of non-responsible industrial and mining space in the United States mainly include two methods:the government pays in advance,the pollution responsible party pays later,and"future responsible parties"(FRPs)pay;(2)The ecological restoration models of industrial and mining space mainly include four categories:eco-oriented development,cooperation between public and private sectors,social welfare and brand enhancement,and ecological product market trading;(3)In the future,China should carry out ecological restoration management in industrial and mining space by building diversified investment channels,playing the role of public welfare funds,improving the profitability of restoration projects,and establishing departmental collaboration mechanisms.