我国海外权益资源供应形势分析与对策研究

Analysis and countermeasure research on the supply situation of overseas equity resources in China

矿产资源是经济社会发展的重要物质基础。从需求侧来看,改革开放后,随着我国工业化进程加速,对矿产资源的需求量上升,中国消费甚至超过全球其他国家的总和。从供给侧来看,我国矿产资源禀赋不佳,新增资源储量跟不上矿产资源开发速度,矿产品生产供应满足不了需求的增长,矿产资源对外依存逐年攀升。国际矿业合作项目面临多重风险挑战,中美贸易摩擦影响海外权益资源资产安全,资源国政局不稳定影响海外矿业项目投资,资源民族主义盛行推高海外矿业项目经营风险。未来30年内,除煤炭、铁矿等极少数大宗矿产消费将在2030年前进入峰值平台区外,天然气、铜、铝等大部分矿产需求仍将呈现增长趋势,锂、钴、镍等发展新能源所需的关键矿产需求增长将提速,矿产资源安全供应不容乐观。本文从全球配置资源视角,提出保障矿产资源安全供应的政策措施:一是优势矿产需要加快矿业国际合作,二是鼓励外商参与中国矿产资源勘查开发和冶炼加工产业建设,三是鼓励大企业联盟资源大国合作打造海外典范矿业项目,四是增强企业海外权益资源及时转化为实际产能。

Mineral resources are an important material basis for economic and social development.From the demand side,after the reform and opening up,with the acceleration of China's industrialization process,the demand for mineral resources has increased,and China's consumption has even exceeded the sum of other countries globally.From the supply side,China's mineral resources endowment is not good,the increase in resource reserves cannot keep up with the pace of mineral resource development,and the production and supply of mineral products cannot meet the growth of demand.The dependence on foreign minerals is increasing year by year.International mining cooperation projects face multiple risks and challenges.The Sino-US trade friction affects the safety of overseas equity resource assets,unstable political situation in resource-rich countries affects overseas mining project investment,and the prevalence of resource nationalism increases the operational risk of overseas mining projects.Within the next 30 years,except for a small number of bulk minerals such as coal and iron ore,which will enter the peak platform area before 2030,the demand for most minerals such as natural gas,copper,aluminum,etc.,will still show a growth trend.The demand growth for key minerals required for the development of new energy,such as lithium,cobalt,and nickel,will accelerate.The secure supply of mineral resources is not optimistic.This paper proposes policy measures to ensure the secure supply of mineral resources from the perspective of global resource allocation:First,we need to accelerate international cooperation in advantageous minerals.Second,encourage foreign businesses to participate in the exploration and development of China's mineral resources and the construction of smelting and processing industries.Third,encourage large companies to cooperate with resource-rich countries to create exemplary overseas mining projects.Fourth,enhance the timely conversion of overseas equity resources of enterprises into actual production capacity.