双尺度下广东韶关市生态系统服务及其权衡/协同关系及社会生态驱动因素

Trade-offs and synergies relationships of ecosystem services and their socio-ecological driving factors under different spatial scales in Shaoguan City,Guangdong,China

生态系统服务指人类从自然生态系统中获得的惠益,不同生态系统服务由社会生态驱动因素组合产生,并且跨尺度展现不同的空间模式。目前,对不同空间尺度生态系统服务间复杂关系及其驱动机制的研究较少。本研究以广东省韶关市为例,分析了4种生态系统服务及其权衡/协同(TOSs)的空间格局与相互关系,并在千米网格尺度和子流域尺度量化了它们对7个社会生态驱动因素的响应,由此提出跨尺度可持续发展的区域生态管理和规划策略。结果表明:韶关市生态系统服务的空间分布存在聚集性和跨尺度差异,其中,生境质量、水质净化和碳储量的空间分布格局较为一致,高供给主要分布于东部、北部、西部和南部的山区,低供给分布在中部、西北、南部和东北部的平原区域,随尺度扩大,空间聚集性增强;研究区生态系统服务在两个空间尺度上均为协同关系,随尺度变化,协同强度发生变化;生态系统服务在两个空间尺度上的主要驱动因素为归一化植被指数和数字高程模型,TOSs在千米网格尺度的主要驱动因素为年均温,而在子流域尺度为年均蒸散发;综合各生态系统服务供给强度,研究区划分出山地生态均衡区、森林生态保育区、城市森林保持区、生态敏感区和生态风险区5类生态系统服务簇,其分布存在空间异质性和跨尺度差异。本研究将韶关市4种代表性生态系统服务及其复杂的相互作用和驱动机制的跨尺度变化规律整合到空间规划中,以支持跨尺度的可持续生态系统管理,对其他地区的生态文明建设具有重要的参考意义。

Ecosystem services refer to the benefits that human obtain from natural ecosystems.Different ecosystem services are generated by the combination of social-ecological driving factors,and exhibit different spatial patterns across scales.The complex relationships and driving mechanisms among ecosystem services under different spatial scales remain unclear.With Shaoguan City from Guangdong Province as the study area,we analyzed the spatial patterns and relationships of four ecosystem services and their trade-offs/synergies(TOSs),quantified their responses to seven social-ecological drivers at the kilometer grid scale and sub-watershed scale,and proposed regional ecologi-cal management and planning strategies for cross-scale sustainable development.The results showed that the spatial distribution of ecosystem services in Shaoguan City exhibited spatial clustering and cross-scale variations.Habitat quality,water yield,and carbon storage exhibited similar spatial distribution pattern.High supply was mainly distributed in mountainous areas in the east,north,west,and south,while weak supply was distributed in plain areas in the central,northwest,south and northeast.In addition,the spatial clustering of these services intensified with increasing spatial scale.Ecosystem services displayed synergistic relationships at both spatial scales,and the intensity of the synergy changed with scale.At both the kilometer grid and sub-watershed scale,the primary drivers for ecosystem services were the normalized vegetation index and digital elevation model.The main driver for TOSs was the mean annual temperature at the kilometer grid scale,while it was the mean annual evapotranspiration at the sub-watershed scale.Based on the supply levels of ecosystem services,the study area could be divided into five distinct ecosystem service bundles,i.e.,mountain ecological balance zone,forest ecological conservation zone,urban forest maintenance zone,ecologically sensitive zone,and ecological risk zone.All bundles exhibited both spatial heterogeneity and cross-scale variations.We integrated the cross-scale variations of four representative ecosystem services and their complex interactions and driving mechanisms in Shaoguan City into spatial planning to facilitate the sustainable ecosystem management across multiple scales,which could offer valuable references for the construction of ecological civilization in other regions.