牦牛和藏羊放牧对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤节肢动物群落的影响

Effects of yak and Tibetan sheep grazing on soil arthropods community in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

基于青海省海北藏族自治州海晏县的“高寒草地-家畜系统适应性管理技术平台”,开展了牦牛和藏羊放牧对高寒草甸土壤节肢动物影响研究。结果表明:试验共得到土壤节肢动物隶属4纲8目26科,其中优势类群为螨总科和甲螨总科;放牧牦牛和藏羊均会降低土壤节肢动物多度,但会提高土壤节肢动物多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数;放牧牦牛可显著提高捕食性土壤节肢动物功能群类群数,放牧牦牛和藏羊均可显著提高腐食性土壤节肢动物功能群类群数,但对杂食性和植食性土壤节肢动物功能群的类群数无显著影响;放牧牦牛和藏羊均显著降低了土壤螨类的多度;土壤容重、速效钾和速效氮是影响土壤节肢动物群落组成的主要环境因子。

We investigated the responses of community structure of soil arthropods to yak and Tibetan sheep grazing based on a manipulated grazing experiment at the alpine meadow livestock Adaptive Management Platform,which locates in Haiyan County,Qinghai Province.The results showed that the obtained soil arthropods belonged to 26 families,8 orders,and 4 classes,with Acaroidae and Oribatida as the dominant groups.Yak and Tibetan sheep grazing decreased the abundance but increased Shannon index,Margalef index and Pielou index of soil arthropods.Yak grazing significantly increased the quantity of the predatory soil arthropod groups.Yak and Tibetan sheep gra-zing significantly increased the quantity of the detritivore soil arthropod groups,but did not affect the quantity of the omnivorous and phytophagous soil arthropod groups.Yak and Tibetan sheep grazing significantly reduced the abundance of soil mites.Soil bulk density,available potassium,and available nitrogen were the main abiotic factors affecting soil arthropods community composition.