制度距离对我国水产品出口贸易效率的影响研究

A Study on the Impact of Institutional Distance on Export Trade Efficiency of Chinese Aquatic Products

采用2001—2019年我国与19个主要水产品贸易伙伴国的水产品出口数据,运用随机前沿引力模型从文化、政治、经济三个层面研究制度距离对我国水产品出口效率的影响。研究结果表明,当前我国水产品出口贸易效率国别差距大,且具有较大的贸易拓展空间。从制度距离对我国水产品整体出口效率的影响来看,我国与贸易伙伴国家之间的文化差异越大,越有利于我国水产品贸易效率提高,而政治制度距离和经济制度距离的扩大均不利于水产品出口;从制度距离对我国不同种类水产品的出口效率的影响来看,文化制度距离对初加工水产品和深加工水产品出口均产生促进作用,政治制度距离不利于初加工和深加工水产品的出口贸易,经济制度距离对初加工水产品出口产生抑制作用,对深加工水产品出口产生促进作用。因此,应采取差异化策略,通过增进文化交流、加强政策沟通、加快推进自贸区谈判等方式提高我国水产品出口贸易效率。

With the export data of aquatic products between China and 19 major aquatic trading partners during 2001—2019,the stochastic frontier gravity model was used to study the effect of institutional distance on the export efficiency of aquatic products of our country from three aspects:politics,economy and culture.The results show that there are big differences in political,economic and cultural systems between our country and our trading partners.From the perspective of the influence of institutional distance on the overall export efficiency of aquatic products,the greater the cultural difference between our country and our trading partner countries,the more beneficial to the improvement of the efficiency of aquatic products trade,and the expansion of political distance and economic distance are not conducive to the export of aquatic products.From the influence of institutional distance on the export efficiency of different kinds of aquatic products,cultural differences have a promoting effect on the export of primary and deeply processed aquatic products.Political system distance is not conducive to the export trade of primary and deeply processed aquatic products.Economic system distance has an inhibitory effect on the export of primary processed aquatic products and a promoting effect on the export of deeply processed aquatic products.Therefore,differentiated strategies should be adopted to improve the export efficiency of aquatic products by enhancing cultural exchanges,strengthening policy communication and speeding up FTA negotiations.