邻里环境对呼吸健康的影响及邻里环境的优化研究

Research on the Influence of Neighborhood Environment on Respiratory Health and Optimization of Neighborhood Environment

【目的】建设健康中国是城市建设工作的重要内容,呼吸系统疾病已成为严重影响居民身心健康的疾病之一,探究社区邻里环境(简称邻里环境)对呼吸健康的影响有利于健康中国建设的深化发展。【方法】基于2015—2018年某地级市某三级甲等医院呼吸科呼吸系统疾病住院信息,探究邻里环境对呼吸健康的影响。通过空间回归分析探究患病人群的空间分布特征,运用有序Logistic回归模型探究呼吸系统疾病与邻里环境的相关性。选取高患病率代表社区L社区为例,从步行空间、建筑空间、绿化空间和街巷尺度4个方面进行邻里环境优化设计,为邻里环境与呼吸健康相关研究以及邻里环境的健康化设计提供参考。【结果】1)患病人群在空间上表现出局部集聚特征,片区南部高聚类集聚明显;2)高密度居住环境影响人体呼吸系统健康;3)完善的交通服务设施是减少空气污染、促进呼吸健康的有力手段;4)街道绿化在社区层面能显著改善人群呼吸健康。【结论】探索健康邻里环境优化设计的具体路径,并且在城市环境与呼吸健康的交叉研究领域进行工具分析语言结合空间设计语言的探索,为健康城市建设发展及相关研究的开展提供了参考与借鉴。

[Objective] Building a healthy China is an important part of urban construction.At present,respiratory diseases have become one of the diseases that seriously affect the physical and mental health of residents,unhealthy living environments,especially unhealthy neighborhood environments where people live for a long time,are important triggers of respiratory diseases.Exploring the impact of the neighborhood environment on respiratory diseases has become a key concern in the construction of a healthy China.[Methods] Based on the hospitalization information about respiratory diseases in the respiratory department of a tertiary hospital in a prefecture-level city during the period from 2015 to 2018,this research probes into the influence of neighborhood environment on respiratory health.Specifically,the research statistically analyzes relevant data on the patients with respiratory disease and derives the overall characteristics thereof using the SPSS software,explores the spatial distribution characteristics of such diseased population using the spatial regression analysis method,and analyzes the local Moran's I using the Geo Da software.In addition,the research selects some potential influencing factors in the neighborhood environment,and investigates the correlation between respiratory diseases and the neighborhood environment by virtue of the ordered logistic regression model.[Results] 1) The proportion of male patients in the diseased population mentioned above is significantly higher than that of female ones,the number of elderly male patients and middle-aged female ones is relatively high,and seasonal changes have a greater impact on children's illnesses without any significant impact on other age groups.2) The spatial distribution of patients is characterized by scattered clustering,and the southern part of the research area is characterized by significant high-aggregation clustering.As to spatial clustering characteristics,the diseased population presents significant high-high aggregation characteristic.3) Respiratory diseases are affected by a number of neighborhood environment factors.For example,high-density living environment may affect the health of human respiratory system,perfect transportation service facilities are a powerful means to reduce air pollution and promote respiratory health,and street greening can significantly improve people's respiratory health at the community level.4) Community L,a representative community with high prevalence of respiratory disease,is selected as an example for optimization design of neighborhood environment from the four aspects of walking space,building space,green space and street scale,so as to provide a reference for researches on the relationship between neighborhood environment and respiratory health and on the healthy design of neighborhood environment.[Conclusion] Respiratory diseases are influenced by factors such as neighborhood environment,social environment,and distributional characteristics of community groups.In this research,it was found that floor area ratio is the main negative factor affecting the respiratory health of residents;the density of transportation facilities,street view greenness,and sky openness can all have a positive impact on respiratory health to a certain extent.In summary,this research explores specific paths for optimizing the design of healthy neighborhood environments,and explores the combination of tool analysis language and spatial design language in the interdisciplinary research field of urban environment and respiratory health,providing reference and inspiration for the development of healthy city construction and related research.